# NCCL

NVIDIA NCCL is a library to facilitate and optimize multi-GPU communication operations, such as broadcast, all-gather, reduce, all-reduce, etc. Broadly, NCCL configuration is highly environment-specific and is configured via several [environment variables](https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/nccl/user-guide/docs/env.html). A common NCCL-related problem occurs when a long-running operation times out causing the training process to abort:

```text
Watchdog caught collective operation timeout: WorkNCCL(SeqNum=42, OpType=ALLGATHER, Timeout(ms)=1800000) ran for 1806948 milliseconds before timing out.
```

Often, this timeout will happen after 30 minutes (the default setting) and is accompanied by below-average power consumption with near 100% GPU utilization before the error is raised. Nvidia recommends [disabling PCI access control services (ACS)](https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/nccl/user-guide/docs/troubleshooting.html#pci-access-control-services-acs) as a possible solution if this is available to you.

Forcing cross-GPU communication via [NVLink](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NVLink) may help without increasing timeouts. To verify that your configuration is leveraging NVLink run the following command:

```shell
nvidia-smi nvlink --status
```

To force NCCL to use NVLink, simply set this in the environment:

```shell
export NCCL_P2P_LEVEL=NVL
```

If NVLink is not available in your environment there are other options for ``NCCL_P2P_LEVEL`` in the table below:

| NCCL_P2P_LEVEL | Description |
| -------------- | ----------- |
| PIX | P2P data transfers through no more than a single PCIe bridge. Faster data transfer rates vs to paths involving multiple bridges, but slower compared to direct GPU-to-GPU communication. |
| PXB | P2P data transfers through multiple PCIe bridges but not going through the PCIe Host Bridge; this path involves a complex routing process, potentially incurring a moderate level of latency. |
| PHB | P2P data transfers occur over the PCIe and through a PCIe Host Bridge, typically involving the CPU, which can facilitate direct memory access but might introduce additional latency compared to more direct paths (ex PIX, NVL) |

To validate that acceptable data transfer speeds exist for your training job, running [NCCL Tests](https://github.com/NVIDIA/nccl-tests/blob/master/README.md) can help pinpoint bottlenecks, for example:

```shell
./build/all_reduce_perf -b 8 -e 128M -f 2 -g 3
```

It can be useful when debugging NCCL communication timeouts to activate additional logging in both PyTorch and NCCL:

```shell
export NCCL_DEBUG=INFO
export NCCL_DEBUG_SUBSYS=ALL
export TORCH_DISTRIBUTED_DEBUG=INFO
export TORCHELASTIC_ERROR_FILE=/PATH/TO/torcherror.log
```

Finally, if you believe your training job needs more time you can increase the timeout past 30 minutes by setting the ``ddp_timeout`` value in the Axolotl configuration. See [PyTorch init_process_group](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/distributed.html#torch.distributed.init_process_group) for documentation on this value.
