offload activations to disk instead of CPU RAM

* don't sort multipack sampler

* increased packing efficiency increases loss

---------

Co-authored-by: Wing Lian <wing@axolotl.ai>

.github/workflows/tests-nightly.yml

@@ -18,9 +18,96 @@ jobs:
         env:
           SKIP: no-commit-to-branch
 
+  preload-cache:
+    name: Preload HF cache
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        python_version: ["3.11"]
+        pytorch_version: ["2.6.0"]
+    timeout-minutes: 20
+
+    env:
+      AXOLOTL_IS_CI_CACHE_PRELOAD: "1"
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out repository code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Restore HF cache
+        id: hf-cache-restore
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        with:
+          path: |
+            /home/runner/.cache/huggingface/hub/datasets--*
+            /home/runner/.cache/huggingface/hub/models--*
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-hf-hub-cache-v2
+
+      - name: Setup Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python_version }}
+          cache: 'pip' # caching pip dependencies
+
+      - name: upgrade pip
+        run: |
+          pip3 install --upgrade pip
+          pip3 install --upgrade packaging==23.2 setuptools==75.8.0 wheel
+
+      - name: Install PyTorch
+        run: |
+          pip3 install torch==${{ matrix.pytorch_version }}
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          pip3 show torch
+          pip3 install --no-build-isolation -U -e .
+          python scripts/unsloth_install.py | sh
+          python scripts/cutcrossentropy_install.py | sh
+          pip3 install -r requirements-dev.txt -r requirements-tests.txt
+
+      - name: Make sure PyTorch version wasn't clobbered
+        run: |
+          python -c "import torch; assert '${{ matrix.pytorch_version }}' in torch.__version__"
+
+      - name: Ensure axolotl CLI was installed
+        run: |
+          axolotl --help
+
+      - name: Pre-Download dataset fixture
+        run: |
+          huggingface-cli download --repo-type=dataset axolotl-ai-internal/axolotl-oss-dataset-fixtures
+
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: |
+          pytest -v tests/conftest.py
+
+      - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+          files: ./coverage.xml
+          flags: unittests,pytorch-${{ matrix.pytorch_version }}
+          fail_ci_if_error: false
+
+      - name: cleanup pip cache
+        run: |
+          find "$(pip cache dir)/http-v2" -type f -mtime +14 -exec rm {} \;
+
+      - name: Save HF cache
+        id: hf-cache
+        uses: actions/cache/save@v4
+        with:
+          path: |
+            /home/runner/.cache/huggingface/hub/datasets--*
+            /home/runner/.cache/huggingface/hub/models--*
+          key: ${{ steps.hf-cache-restore.outputs.cache-primary-key }}
+
   pytest:
     name: PyTest
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: [preload-cache]
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       max-parallel: 2

.github/workflows/tests.yml

@@ -44,12 +44,98 @@ jobs:
         env:
           SKIP: no-commit-to-branch
 
-  pytest:
+  preload-cache:
-    name: PyTest
+    name: Preload HF cache
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      max-parallel: 2
+      matrix:
+        python_version: ["3.11"]
+        pytorch_version: ["2.6.0"]
+    timeout-minutes: 20
+
+    env:
+      AXOLOTL_IS_CI_CACHE_PRELOAD: "1"
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out repository code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Restore HF cache
+        id: hf-cache-restore
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        with:
+          path: |
+            /home/runner/.cache/huggingface/hub/datasets--*
+            /home/runner/.cache/huggingface/hub/models--*
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-hf-hub-cache-v2
+
+      - name: Setup Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python_version }}
+          cache: 'pip' # caching pip dependencies
+
+      - name: upgrade pip
+        run: |
+          pip3 install --upgrade pip
+          pip3 install --upgrade packaging==23.2 setuptools==75.8.0 wheel
+
+      - name: Install PyTorch
+        run: |
+          pip3 install torch==${{ matrix.pytorch_version }}
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          pip3 show torch
+          pip3 install --no-build-isolation -U -e .
+          python scripts/unsloth_install.py | sh
+          python scripts/cutcrossentropy_install.py | sh
+          pip3 install -r requirements-dev.txt -r requirements-tests.txt
+
+      - name: Make sure PyTorch version wasn't clobbered
+        run: |
+          python -c "import torch; assert '${{ matrix.pytorch_version }}' in torch.__version__"
+
+      - name: Ensure axolotl CLI was installed
+        run: |
+          axolotl --help
+
+      - name: Pre-Download dataset fixture
+        run: |
+          huggingface-cli download --repo-type=dataset axolotl-ai-internal/axolotl-oss-dataset-fixtures
+
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: |
+          pytest -v tests/conftest.py
+
+      - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+          files: ./coverage.xml
+          flags: unittests,pytorch-${{ matrix.pytorch_version }}
+          fail_ci_if_error: false
+
+      - name: cleanup pip cache
+        run: |
+          find "$(pip cache dir)/http-v2" -type f -mtime +14 -exec rm {} \;
+
+      - name: Save HF cache
+        id: hf-cache
+        uses: actions/cache/save@v4
+        with:
+          path: |
+            /home/runner/.cache/huggingface/hub/datasets--*
+            /home/runner/.cache/huggingface/hub/models--*
+          key: ${{ steps.hf-cache-restore.outputs.cache-primary-key }}
+
+  pytest:
+    name: PyTest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: [preload-cache]
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         python_version: ["3.11"]
         pytorch_version: ["2.5.1", "2.6.0", "2.7.0"]
@@ -121,21 +207,12 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           find "$(pip cache dir)/http-v2" -type f -mtime +14 -exec rm {} \;
 
-      - name: Save HF cache
-        id: hf-cache
-        uses: actions/cache/save@v4
-        with:
-          path: |
-            /home/runner/.cache/huggingface/hub/datasets--*
-            /home/runner/.cache/huggingface/hub/models--*
-          key: ${{ steps.hf-cache-restore.outputs.cache-primary-key }}
-
   pytest-sdist:
     name: PyTest from Source Dist
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: [preload-cache]
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      max-parallel: 1
       matrix:
         python_version: ["3.11"]
         pytorch_version: ["2.5.1", "2.6.0", "2.7.0"]
@@ -199,15 +276,6 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           find "$(pip cache dir)/http-v2" -type f -mtime +14 -exec rm {} \;
 
-      - name: Save HF cache
-        id: hf-cache
-        uses: actions/cache/save@v4
-        with:
-          path: |
-            /home/runner/.cache/huggingface/hub/datasets--*
-            /home/runner/.cache/huggingface/hub/models--*
-          key: ${{ steps.hf-cache-restore.outputs.cache-primary-key }}
-
   docker-e2e-tests-1st:
     if: ${{ ! contains(github.event.commits[0].message, '[skip e2e]') && github.repository_owner == 'axolotl-ai-cloud' }}
     # this job needs to be run on self-hosted GPU runners...

docs/config.qmd

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ tokenizer_legacy:
 resize_token_embeddings_to_32x:
 # Optional[bool] Whether to shrink the embeddings to len(tokenizer). By default, we won't shrink.
 shrink_embeddings:
+# Optional[bool] Don't upcast the embeddings to float32 when using PEFT. Useful for low-VRAM GPUs
+embeddings_skip_upcast:
 # Whether to load the model with randomly initialized weights. Useful for
 # pre-training a model from scratch or debugging purposes.
 random_init_weights:
@@ -73,11 +75,12 @@ load_in_8bit: true
 load_in_4bit:
 
 # Use CUDA bf16
-bf16: true # bool or 'full' for `bf16_full_eval`. require >=ampere
+bf16: true # bool or 'full' for `bf16_full_eval`, or 'auto' for automatic detection. require >=ampere
 # Use CUDA fp16
 fp16: true
 # Use CUDA tf32
 tf32: true # require >=ampere
+# Note: if bf16 is set to 'auto', and fp16 is set to true, we will prefer the explict fp16 setting
 
 # No AMP (automatic mixed precision)
 bfloat16: true # require >=ampere
@@ -184,8 +187,8 @@ datasets:
     # adding a system turn with empty content.
     drop_system_message:
 
-    # Optional[bool]. Whether to split the assistant turn based on a reasoning trace inside delimited tags
+    # Optional[bool]. (for Qwen3 template only) Whether to split the assistant content based on a reasoning trace inside delimited tags
-    # defaults to False
+    # See example at `docs/dataset-formats/conversation.qmd`
     split_thinking:
 
     # IMPORTANT: The following fields determine which parts of the conversation to train on.
@@ -547,7 +550,7 @@ gradient_checkpointing: false
 early_stopping_patience: 3
 
 # Specify a scheduler and kwargs to use with the optimizer
-lr_scheduler: # 'one_cycle' | 'rex' | 'log_sweep' | empty for cosine
+lr_scheduler: # 'one_cycle' | 'rex' | 'log_sweep' | 'linear' | 'cosine_with_restarts' | 'polynomial' | 'constant' | 'constant_with_warmup' | 'inverse_sqrt' | 'reduce_lr_on_plateau' | 'cosine_with_min_lr' | 'warmup_stable_decay' | empty for cosine
 lr_scheduler_kwargs:
 cosine_min_lr_ratio: # decay lr to some percentage of the peak lr, e.g. cosine_min_lr_ratio=0.1 for 10% of peak lr
 cosine_constant_lr_ratio: # freeze lr at some percentage of the step, e.g. cosine_constant_lr_ratio=0.8 means start cosine_min_lr at 80% of training step (https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.04014.pdf)
@@ -609,6 +612,7 @@ lr_div_factor: # Learning rate div factor
 # - optimi_adamw
 # - ao_adamw_8bit
 # - ao_adamw_fp8
+# - came_pytorch
 optimizer:
 # Dictionary of arguments to pass to the optimizer
 optim_args:

docs/dataset-formats/conversation.qmd

@@ -196,6 +196,34 @@ datasets:
 It is not necessary to set both `message_field_training` and `message_field_training_detail` at once.
 :::
 
+8. (For Qwen3 template only) Enable reasoning split, where the reasoning is split from the content and passed as a separate field into the template.
+
+```yaml
+datasets:
+  - path: ...
+    type: chat_template
+    chat_template: qwen3
+    split_thinking: true
+```
+
+For example, a content can look like:
+
+```json
+{
+  "content": "<think>Some thinking outputs</think>Output after thinking."
+}
+```
+
+After split, it will look like:
+
+```json
+{
+  "reasoning_content": "Some thinking outputs",
+  "content": "Output after thinking..."
+}
+```
+
+
 ## sharegpt
 
 ::: {.callout-important}

examples/llama-4/README.md

@@ -34,3 +34,5 @@ We provide a script to delinearize Llama 4 linearized models into regular Huggin
 ```bash
 axolotl delinearize-llama4 --model path/to/model_dir --output path/to/output_dir
 ```
+
+Note: This only works with the non-quantized linearized model. If you have an adapter, merge it with the *non-quantized linearized* model before delinearizing.

examples/orpheus/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+# Finetuning LLMs to output audio
+
+In this example, we finetune Orpcanopylabs/orpheus-tts-0.1-pretrained (a LLaMA 3.2 3b model) to output audio.
+
+The `finetune.yml` withe current settings will run on any Nvidia GPU with 45GB VRAM or more. If you adjust the batch size it can easily run on any GPU under 24GB.
+
+## Dataset pre-processing for pre-training
+If you are adding another voice in English, please jump ahead to finetuning pre-processing.
+
+For this to work, we need to preprocess our dataset. Since we are expecting to output audio, we will need to add tokens to the tokenizer.
+
+Using this code, it will download the SNAC model and add the correct tokens and upload the final dataset.
+
+```python
+import torch
+from snac import SNAC
+from datasets import load_dataset
+from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download
+from datasets import load_dataset
+import random
+import torchaudio.transforms as T
+from transformers import AutoTokenizer
+import os
+
+my_original_dataset_name = "<huggingface-id-of-dataset-that-we-want-to-preprocess>"
+name_to_push_dataset_to = "<huggingface-id-of-where-to-save-dataset>"
+
+dsn = my_original_dataset_name
+
+snapshot_download(
+    repo_id=dsn,
+    repo_type="dataset",
+    revision="main",
+    max_workers=64,
+)
+
+
+ds = load_dataset(dsn, split="train")
+ds_sample_rate = ds[0]["audio"]["sampling_rate"]
+
+model = SNAC.from_pretrained("hubertsiuzdak/snac_24khz")
+model = model.to("mps")
+
+def tokenise_audio(waveform):
+  waveform = torch.from_numpy(waveform).unsqueeze(0)
+  waveform = waveform.to(dtype=torch.float32)
+  resample_transform = T.Resample(orig_freq=ds_sample_rate, new_freq=24000)
+  waveform = resample_transform(waveform)
+
+  waveform = waveform.unsqueeze(0).to("cuda")
+
+  #generate the codes from snac
+  with torch.inference_mode():
+    codes = model.encode(waveform)
+
+  all_codes = []
+  for i in range(codes[0].shape[1]):
+    all_codes.append(codes[0][0][i].item()+128266)
+    all_codes.append(codes[1][0][2*i].item()+128266+4096)
+    all_codes.append(codes[2][0][4*i].item()+128266+(2*4096))
+    all_codes.append(codes[2][0][(4*i)+1].item()+128266+(3*4096))
+    all_codes.append(codes[1][0][(2*i)+1].item()+128266+(4*4096))
+    all_codes.append(codes[2][0][(4*i)+2].item()+128266+(5*4096))
+    all_codes.append(codes[2][0][(4*i)+3].item()+128266+(6*4096))
+
+
+  return all_codes
+
+def add_codes(example):
+    # Always initialize codes_list to None
+    codes_list = None
+
+    try:
+        answer_audio = example.get("audio")
+        # If there's a valid audio array, tokenise it
+        if answer_audio and "array" in answer_audio:
+            audio_array = answer_audio["array"]
+            codes_list = tokenise_audio(audio_array)
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Skipping row due to error: {e}")
+        # Keep codes_list as None if we fail
+    example["codes_list"] = codes_list
+
+    return example
+
+ds = ds.map(add_codes, remove_columns=["audio"])
+
+#@title Load Tokenizer
+tokeniser_length = 128256
+start_of_text = 128000
+end_of_text = 128009
+
+start_of_speech = tokeniser_length + 1
+end_of_speech = tokeniser_length + 2
+
+start_of_human = tokeniser_length + 3
+end_of_human = tokeniser_length + 4
+
+start_of_ai = tokeniser_length + 5
+end_of_ai =  tokeniser_length + 6
+pad_token = tokeniser_length + 7
+
+audio_tokens_start = tokeniser_length + 10
+
+tokenizer_name = "canopylabs/orpheus-3b-0.1-pretrained"
+
+
+tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(tokenizer_name)
+num_proc = os.cpu_count() - 2
+
+ds = ds.filter(lambda x: x["codes_list"] is not None)
+ds = ds.filter(lambda x: len(x["codes_list"]) > 0)
+
+#@title Create Input Ids
+def remove_duplicate_frames(example):
+    vals = example["codes_list"]
+    if len(vals) % 7 != 0:
+        raise ValueError("Input list length must be divisible by 7")
+
+    result = vals[:7]
+
+    removed_frames = 0
+
+    for i in range(7, len(vals), 7):
+        current_first = vals[i]
+        previous_first = result[-7]
+
+        if current_first != previous_first:
+            result.extend(vals[i:i+7])
+        else:
+            removed_frames += 1
+
+    example["codes_list"] = result
+
+    return example
+
+ds = ds.map(remove_duplicate_frames, num_proc=num_proc)
+
+
+def create_input_ids(example):
+    text_ids = tokenizer.encode({example['text']},  add_special_tokens=True)
+    text_ids.append(end_of_text)
+    example["text_tokens"] = text_ids
+    input_ids = (
+        [start_of_human]
+        + example["text_tokens"]
+        + [end_of_human]
+        + [start_of_ai]
+        + [start_of_speech]
+        + example["codes_list"]
+        + [end_of_speech]
+        + [end_of_ai]
+    )
+    example["input_ids"] = input_ids
+    example["labels"] = input_ids
+    example["attention_mask"] = [1] * len(input_ids)
+
+    return example
+
+ds = ds.map(create_input_ids, num_proc=num_proc, remove_columns=["text", "codes_list"])
+
+#@title Remove unnecessary columns
+columns_to_keep = ["input_ids", "labels", "attention_mask"]
+columns_to_remove = [col for col in ds.column_names if col not in columns_to_keep]
+
+ds = ds.remove_columns(columns_to_remove)
+
+ds.push_to_hub(name_to_push_dataset_to)
+```
+
+
+## Finetune pre-processing
+Use this code to add a new voice.
+
+```python
+import torch
+from snac import SNAC
+from datasets import load_dataset
+from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download
+from datasets import load_dataset
+import random
+import torchaudio.transforms as T
+from transformers import AutoTokenizer
+import os
+
+my_original_dataset_name = "<huggingface-id-of-dataset-that-we-want-to-preprocess>"
+name_to_push_dataset_to = "<huggingface-id-of-where-to-save-dataset>"
+
+dsn = my_original_dataset_name
+
+snapshot_download(
+    repo_id=dsn,
+    repo_type="dataset",
+    revision="main",
+    max_workers=64,
+)
+
+
+ds = load_dataset(dsn, split="train")
+ds_sample_rate = ds[0]["audio"]["sampling_rate"]
+
+model = SNAC.from_pretrained("hubertsiuzdak/snac_24khz")
+model = model.to("mps")
+
+def tokenise_audio(waveform):
+  waveform = torch.from_numpy(waveform).unsqueeze(0)
+  waveform = waveform.to(dtype=torch.float32)
+  resample_transform = T.Resample(orig_freq=ds_sample_rate, new_freq=24000)
+  waveform = resample_transform(waveform)
+
+  waveform = waveform.unsqueeze(0).to("cuda")
+
+  #generate the codes from snac
+  with torch.inference_mode():
+    codes = model.encode(waveform)
+
+  all_codes = []
+  for i in range(codes[0].shape[1]):
+    all_codes.append(codes[0][0][i].item()+128266)
+    all_codes.append(codes[1][0][2*i].item()+128266+4096)
+    all_codes.append(codes[2][0][4*i].item()+128266+(2*4096))
+    all_codes.append(codes[2][0][(4*i)+1].item()+128266+(3*4096))
+    all_codes.append(codes[1][0][(2*i)+1].item()+128266+(4*4096))
+    all_codes.append(codes[2][0][(4*i)+2].item()+128266+(5*4096))
+    all_codes.append(codes[2][0][(4*i)+3].item()+128266+(6*4096))
+
+
+  return all_codes
+
+def add_codes(example):
+    # Always initialize codes_list to None
+    codes_list = None
+
+    try:
+        answer_audio = example.get("audio")
+        # If there's a valid audio array, tokenise it
+        if answer_audio and "array" in answer_audio:
+            audio_array = answer_audio["array"]
+            codes_list = tokenise_audio(audio_array)
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Skipping row due to error: {e}")
+        # Keep codes_list as None if we fail
+    example["codes_list"] = codes_list
+
+    return example
+
+ds = ds.map(add_codes, remove_columns=["audio"])
+
+#@title Load Tokenizer
+tokeniser_length = 128256
+start_of_text = 128000
+end_of_text = 128009
+
+start_of_speech = tokeniser_length + 1
+end_of_speech = tokeniser_length + 2
+
+start_of_human = tokeniser_length + 3
+end_of_human = tokeniser_length + 4
+
+start_of_ai = tokeniser_length + 5
+end_of_ai =  tokeniser_length + 6
+pad_token = tokeniser_length + 7
+
+audio_tokens_start = tokeniser_length + 10
+
+tokenizer_name = "canopylabs/orpheus-3b-0.1-pretrained"
+
+
+tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(tokenizer_name)
+num_proc = os.cpu_count() - 2
+
+ds = ds.filter(lambda x: x["codes_list"] is not None)
+ds = ds.filter(lambda x: len(x["codes_list"]) > 0)
+
+#@title Create Input Ids
+def remove_duplicate_frames(example):
+    vals = example["codes_list"]
+    if len(vals) % 7 != 0:
+        raise ValueError("Input list length must be divisible by 7")
+
+    result = vals[:7]
+
+    removed_frames = 0
+
+    for i in range(7, len(vals), 7):
+        current_first = vals[i]
+        previous_first = result[-7]
+
+        if current_first != previous_first:
+            result.extend(vals[i:i+7])
+        else:
+            removed_frames += 1
+
+    example["codes_list"] = result
+
+    return example
+
+ds = ds.map(remove_duplicate_frames, num_proc=num_proc)
+
+tok_info = '''*** HERE you can modify the text prompt
+i.e. if you wanted a multispeaker model like canopylabs/orpheus-3b-0.1-ft, you can pass:
+f"{example["source"]}:  {example["text"]}", as is passed.
+'''
+print(tok_info)
+
+def create_input_ids(example):
+    text_ids = tokenizer.encode(f"{example['speaker_id']}: {example['text']}",  add_special_tokens=True)
+    text_ids.append(end_of_text)
+    example["text_tokens"] = text_ids
+    input_ids = (
+        [start_of_human]
+        + example["text_tokens"]
+        + [end_of_human]
+        + [start_of_ai]
+        + [start_of_speech]
+        + example["codes_list"]
+        + [end_of_speech]
+        + [end_of_ai]
+    )
+    example["input_ids"] = input_ids
+    example["labels"] = input_ids
+    example["attention_mask"] = [1] * len(input_ids)
+
+    return example
+
+ds = ds.map(create_input_ids, num_proc=num_proc, remove_columns=["text", "codes_list"])
+
+#@title Remove unnecessary columns
+columns_to_keep = ["input_ids", "labels", "attention_mask"]
+columns_to_remove = [col for col in ds.column_names if col not in columns_to_keep]
+
+ds = ds.remove_columns(columns_to_remove)
+
+ds.push_to_hub(name_to_push_dataset_to)
+```
+
+## Training
+After preprocessing is done, fill out the blanks in finetune.yml and simply run `axolotl train finetune.yml`
+
+## Inference
+For inference, please refer to the original [orpheus github](https://github.com/canopyai/Orpheus-TTS/tree/main).

examples/orpheus/finetune.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+base_model: canopylabs/orpheus-3b-0.1-pretrained
+
+hub_model_id: <your-hub-model-id>
+
+plugins:
+  - axolotl.integrations.liger.LigerPlugin
+liger_rope: true
+liger_rms_norm: true
+liger_glu_activation: true
+liger_fused_linear_cross_entropy: true
+
+datasets:
+  - path: <your-hf-dataset-id>
+    type:  # leave empty to load pre-tokenized
+dataset_prepared_path: last_run_prepared
+val_set_size: 0.01
+output_dir: ./outputs/out
+
+sequence_len: 8192
+sample_packing: true
+pad_to_sequence_len: true
+
+wandb_project:
+wandb_entity:
+wandb_watch:
+wandb_name:
+wandb_log_model:
+
+gradient_accumulation_steps: 8
+micro_batch_size: 4
+num_epochs: 3
+optimizer: adamw_torch_fused
+lr_scheduler: cosine
+learning_rate: 2e-5
+
+bf16: auto
+tf32: false
+
+gradient_checkpointing: true
+gradient_checkpointing_kwargs:
+  use_reentrant: false
+resume_from_checkpoint:
+logging_steps: 1
+flash_attention: true
+
+warmup_steps: 20
+evals_per_epoch: 5
+saves_per_epoch: 5
+weight_decay: 0.05
+
+special_tokens:
+  pad_token: <custom_token_7>

requirements.txt

@@ -6,16 +6,17 @@ triton>=3.0.0
 mamba-ssm==1.2.0.post1
 xformers>=0.0.23.post1
 autoawq==0.2.7.post3
-liger-kernel==0.5.8
+liger-kernel==0.5.9
 # END section
 
 packaging==23.2
 
+huggingface_hub==0.31.0
 peft==0.15.2
 transformers==4.51.3
 tokenizers>=0.21.1
 accelerate==1.6.0
-datasets==3.5.0
+datasets==3.5.1
 deepspeed>=0.15.4
 trl==0.17.0
 hf_xet==1.1.0

setup.py

@@ -67,13 +67,13 @@ def parse_requirements(extras_require_map):
             if (major, minor) >= (2, 7):
                 _install_requires.pop(_install_requires.index(xformers_version))
                 # _install_requires.append("xformers==0.0.29.post3")  # xformers seems to be hard pinned to 2.6.0
-                extras_require_map["vllm"] = ["vllm==0.8.5"]
+                extras_require_map["vllm"] = ["vllm==0.8.5.post1"]
             elif (major, minor) >= (2, 6):
                 _install_requires.pop(_install_requires.index(xformers_version))
                 _install_requires.append(
                     "xformers==0.0.29.post2"
                 )  # vllm needs post2 w torch 2.6
-                extras_require_map["vllm"] = ["vllm==0.8.5"]
+                extras_require_map["vllm"] = ["vllm==0.8.5.post1"]
             elif (major, minor) >= (2, 5):
                 _install_requires.pop(_install_requires.index(xformers_version))
                 if patch == 0:
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ extras_require = {
         "apollo-torch",
         "lomo-optim==0.1.1",
         "torch-optimi==0.2.1",
+        "came_pytorch==0.1.3",
     ],
     "ray": [
         "ray[train]",

src/axolotl/cli/art.py

@@ -16,8 +16,15 @@ AXOLOTL_LOGO = """
     @@@@  @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
 """
 
+HAS_PRINTED_LOGO = False
+
 
 def print_axolotl_text_art():
     """Prints axolotl ASCII art."""
+
+    global HAS_PRINTED_LOGO  # pylint: disable=global-statement
+    if HAS_PRINTED_LOGO:
+        return
     if is_main_process():
+        HAS_PRINTED_LOGO = True
         print(AXOLOTL_LOGO)

src/axolotl/cli/preprocess.py

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from axolotl.cli.checks import check_accelerate_default_config, check_user_token
 from axolotl.cli.config import load_cfg
 from axolotl.common.const import DEFAULT_DATASET_PREPARED_PATH
 from axolotl.common.datasets import load_datasets, load_preference_datasets
+from axolotl.integrations.base import PluginManager
 from axolotl.utils.dict import DictDefault
 from axolotl.utils.trainer import disable_datasets_caching
 
@@ -47,7 +48,10 @@ def do_preprocess(cfg: DictDefault, cli_args: PreprocessCliArgs) -> None:
         cfg.dataset_prepared_path = DEFAULT_DATASET_PREPARED_PATH
 
     with disable_datasets_caching():
-        if cfg.rl:
+        plugin_manager = PluginManager.get_instance()
+        if plugin_manager.load_datasets(cfg, preprocess=True):
+            pass
+        elif cfg.rl:
             load_preference_datasets(cfg=cfg, cli_args=cli_args)
         else:
             load_datasets(cfg=cfg, cli_args=cli_args)

src/axolotl/cli/train.py

@@ -43,10 +43,13 @@ def do_train(cfg: DictDefault, cli_args: TrainerCliArgs):
     if int(os.getenv("LOCAL_RANK", "0")) == 0:
         check_user_token()
 
-    if cfg.rl:
+    plugin_manager = PluginManager.get_instance()
-        dataset_meta = load_preference_datasets(cfg=cfg, cli_args=cli_args)
+    dataset_meta = plugin_manager.load_datasets(cfg, preprocess=False)
-    else:
+    if not dataset_meta:
-        dataset_meta = load_datasets(cfg=cfg, cli_args=cli_args)
+        if cfg.rl:
+            dataset_meta = load_preference_datasets(cfg=cfg, cli_args=cli_args)
+        else:
+            dataset_meta = load_datasets(cfg=cfg, cli_args=cli_args)
 
     model, tokenizer, trainer = train(cfg=cfg, dataset_meta=dataset_meta)
 

src/axolotl/common/datasets.py

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ def load_datasets(
     *,
     cfg: DictDefault,
     cli_args: PreprocessCliArgs | TrainerCliArgs | None = None,
+    debug: bool = False,
 ) -> TrainDatasetMeta:
     """
     Loads one or more training or evaluation datasets, calling
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ def load_datasets(
     Args:
         cfg: Dictionary mapping `axolotl` config keys to values.
         cli_args: Command-specific CLI arguments.
+        debug: Whether to print out tokenization of sample
 
     Returns:
         Dataclass with fields for training and evaluation datasets and the computed
@@ -77,20 +79,25 @@ def load_datasets(
         preprocess_iterable=preprocess_iterable,
     )
 
-    if cli_args and (
+    if (  # pylint: disable=too-many-boolean-expressions
-        cli_args.debug
+        cli_args
-        or cfg.debug
+        and (
-        or cli_args.debug_text_only
+            cli_args.debug
-        or int(cli_args.debug_num_examples) > 0
+            or cfg.debug
-    ):
+            or cli_args.debug_text_only
+            or int(cli_args.debug_num_examples) > 0
+        )
+    ) or debug:
         LOG.info("check_dataset_labels...")
 
-        train_samples = sample_dataset(train_dataset, cli_args.debug_num_examples)
+        num_examples = cli_args.debug_num_examples if cli_args else 1
+        text_only = cli_args.debug_text_only if cli_args else False
+        train_samples = sample_dataset(train_dataset, num_examples)
         check_dataset_labels(
             train_samples,
             tokenizer,
-            num_examples=cli_args.debug_num_examples,
+            num_examples=num_examples,
-            text_only=cli_args.debug_text_only,
+            text_only=text_only,
         )
 
         LOG.info("printing prompters...")

src/axolotl/core/trainer_builder.py

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import importlib.util
 import inspect
 import logging
 import math
+import os
 import sys
 from abc import abstractmethod
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@ from axolotl.utils.callbacks import (
     SaveBetterTransformerModelCallback,
     bench_eval_callback_factory,
     causal_lm_bench_eval_callback_factory,
+    colab_inference_post_train_callback,
     log_prediction_callback_factory,
 )
 from axolotl.utils.callbacks.lisa import lisa_callback_factory
@@ -168,6 +170,9 @@ class TrainerBuilderBase(abc.ABC):
                 )
             )
 
+        if self.cfg.gc_steps:
+            callbacks.append(GCCallback(gc_steps=self.cfg.gc_steps))
+
         if self.cfg.use_wandb:
             callbacks.append(
                 SaveAxolotlConfigtoWandBCallback(self.cfg.axolotl_config_path)
@@ -249,9 +254,6 @@ class HFCausalTrainerBuilder(TrainerBuilderBase):
         if self.cfg.loss_watchdog_threshold is not None:
             callbacks.append(LossWatchDogCallback(self.cfg))
 
-        if self.cfg.gc_steps:
-            callbacks.append(GCCallback(gc_steps=self.cfg.gc_steps))
-
         return callbacks
 
     def get_post_trainer_create_callbacks(self, trainer):
@@ -293,6 +295,10 @@ class HFCausalTrainerBuilder(TrainerBuilderBase):
         if self.cfg.lisa_step_interval and self.cfg.lisa_n_layers:
             callbacks.append(lisa_callback_factory(trainer))
 
+        if any("COLAB_" in key for key in os.environ):
+            ColabCallback = colab_inference_post_train_callback(trainer)
+            callbacks.append(ColabCallback(self.cfg))
+
         callbacks.extend(super().get_post_trainer_create_callbacks(trainer=trainer))
         return callbacks
 
@@ -702,6 +708,20 @@ class HFCausalTrainerBuilder(TrainerBuilderBase):
                 optimizer_cls = ADOPT
                 adam_kwargs["decouple"] = True
                 optimizer_kwargs.update(adam_kwargs)
+            elif self.cfg.optimizer == "came_pytorch":
+                from came_pytorch import CAME
+
+                optimizer_cls = CAME
+
+                beta1 = training_arguments_kwargs.get("adam_beta1", 0.9)
+                beta2 = training_arguments_kwargs.get("adam_beta2", 0.999)
+                beta3 = training_arguments_kwargs.get("adam_beta2", 0.9999)
+                eps1 = training_arguments_kwargs.get("adam_epsilon", 1e-30)
+                eps2 = training_arguments_kwargs.get("adam_epsilon2", 1e-16)
+                adam_kwargs["betas"] = (beta1, beta2, beta3)
+                adam_kwargs["eps"] = (eps1, eps2)
+
+                optimizer_kwargs.update(adam_kwargs)
 
             # Parse any additional optimizer args from config
             if self.cfg.optim_args:

src/axolotl/core/trainers/base.py

@@ -114,6 +114,8 @@ class AxolotlTrainer(
             packing_efficiency_estimate=self.args.sample_packing_efficiency,
             batch_max_len=batch_max_len,
             batch_size=batch_size,
+            group_size=self.args.sample_packing_group_size,
+            bin_size=self.args.sample_packing_bin_size,
             sequential=self.args.sample_packing_sequentially,
             drop_last=True,
         )

src/axolotl/core/trainers/dpo/trainer.py

@@ -247,7 +247,9 @@ class AxolotlDPOTrainer(RngLoaderMixin, SchedulerMixin, DPOTrainer):
                 )
 
         # Base evaluation
-        initial_output = super().evaluation_loop(
+        initial_output = super(  # pylint: disable=bad-super-call
+            DPOTrainer, self
+        ).evaluation_loop(
             dataloader,
             description,
             prediction_loss_only,

src/axolotl/integrations/base.py

@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ from typing import OrderedDict
 import torch
 from torch.optim.lr_scheduler import LRScheduler
 
+from axolotl.utils.dict import DictDefault
+
 
 class BasePlugin:
     """
@@ -36,11 +38,13 @@ class BasePlugin:
 
     Methods:
     register(cfg): Registers the plugin with the given configuration.
+    load_datasets(cfg): Loads and preprocesses the dataset for training.
     pre_model_load(cfg): Performs actions before the model is loaded.
     post_model_build(cfg, model): Performs actions after the model is loaded, but before LoRA adapters are applied.
     pre_lora_load(cfg, model): Performs actions before LoRA weights are loaded.
     post_lora_load(cfg, model): Performs actions after LoRA weights are loaded.
     post_model_load(cfg, model): Performs actions after the model is loaded, inclusive of any adapters.
+    post_trainer_create(cfg, trainer): Performs actions after the trainer is created.
     create_optimizer(cfg, trainer): Creates and returns an optimizer for training.
     create_lr_scheduler(cfg, trainer, optimizer, num_training_steps): Creates and returns a learning rate scheduler.
     add_callbacks_pre_trainer(cfg, model): Adds callbacks to the trainer before training.
@@ -63,20 +67,32 @@ class BasePlugin:
         None
         """
 
-    def get_input_args(self):
+    def get_input_args(self) -> str | None:
         """
         Returns a pydantic model for the plugin's input arguments.
         """
 
+    def load_datasets(self, cfg: DictDefault, preprocess: bool = False):
+        """
+        Loads and preprocesses the dataset for training.
+
+        Args:
+            cfg: The configuration for the plugin.
+            preprocess: Whether this is the preprocess step of the datasets.
+
+        Returns:
+            dataset_meta: The metadata for the training dataset.
+        """
+
     def pre_model_load(self, cfg):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
         """
         Performs actions before the model is loaded.
 
-        Parameters:
+        Args:
-        cfg (dict): The configuration for the plugin.
+            cfg (dict): The configuration for the plugin.
 
         Returns:
-        None
+            None
         """
 
     def post_model_build(self, cfg, model):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
@@ -91,59 +107,71 @@ class BasePlugin:
         """
         Performs actions after the model is loaded.
 
-        Parameters:
+        Args:
-        cfg (dict): The configuration for the plugin.
+            cfg (dict): The configuration for the plugin.
-        model (object): The loaded model.
+            model (object): The loaded model.
 
         Returns:
-        None
+            None
         """
 
     def pre_lora_load(self, cfg, model):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
         """
         Performs actions before LoRA weights are loaded.
 
-        Parameters:
+        Args:
-        cfg (dict): The configuration for the plugin.
+            cfg (dict): The configuration for the plugin.
-        model (object): The loaded model.
+            model (object): The loaded model.
 
         Returns:
-        None
+            None
         """
 
     def post_lora_load(self, cfg, model):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
         """
         Performs actions after LoRA weights are loaded.
 
-        Parameters:
+        Args:
-        cfg (dict): The configuration for the plugin.
+            cfg (dict): The configuration for the plugin.
-        model (object): The loaded model.
+            model (object): The loaded model.
 
         Returns:
-        None
+            None
         """
 
     def get_trainer_cls(self, cfg):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument):
         """
         Returns a custom class for the trainer.
 
-        Parameters:
+        Args:
-        cfg (dict): The global axolotl configuration.
+            cfg (dict): The global axolotl configuration.
 
         Returns:
-        class: The class for the trainer.
+            class: The class for the trainer.
+        """
+
+    def post_trainer_create(self, cfg, trainer):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        """
+        Performs actions after the trainer is created.
+
+        Args:
+            cfg (dict): The configuration for the plugin.
+            trainer (object): The trainer object for training.
+
+        Returns:
+            None
         """
 
     def create_optimizer(self, cfg, trainer):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
         """
         Creates and returns an optimizer for training.
 
-        Parameters:
+        Args:
-        cfg (dict): The configuration for the plugin.
+            cfg (dict): The configuration for the plugin.
-        trainer (object): The trainer object for training.
+            trainer (object): The trainer object for training.
 
         Returns:
-        object: The created optimizer.
+            object: The created optimizer.
         """
 
     def create_lr_scheduler(
@@ -152,26 +180,26 @@ class BasePlugin:
         """
         Creates and returns a learning rate scheduler.
 
-        Parameters:
+        Args:
-        cfg (dict): The configuration for the plugin.
+            cfg (dict): The configuration for the plugin.
-        trainer (object): The trainer object for training.
+            trainer (object): The trainer object for training.
-        optimizer (object): The optimizer for training.
+            optimizer (object): The optimizer for training.
-        num_training_steps (int): Total number of training steps
+            num_training_steps (int): Total number of training steps
 
         Returns:
-        object (LRScheduler): The created learning rate scheduler.
+            object (LRScheduler): The created learning rate scheduler.
         """
 
     def add_callbacks_pre_trainer(self, cfg, model):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
         """
         setup callbacks before creating the trainer.
 
-        Parameters:
+        Args:
-        cfg (dict): The configuration for the plugin.
+            cfg (dict): The configuration for the plugin.
-        model (object): The loaded model.
+            model (object): The loaded model.
 
         Returns:
-        List[callable]: A list of callback functions to be added to the TrainingArgs
+            List[callable]: A list of callback functions to be added to the TrainingArgs
         """
         return []
 
@@ -182,12 +210,12 @@ class BasePlugin:
         Adds callbacks to the trainer after creating the trainer.
         This is useful for callbacks that require access to the model or trainer.
 
-        Parameters:
+        Args:
-        cfg (dict): The configuration for the plugin.
+            cfg (dict): The configuration for the plugin.
-        trainer (object): The trainer object for training.
+            trainer (object): The trainer object for training.
 
         Returns:
-        List[callable]: A list of callback functions to be added
+            List[callable]: A list of callback functions to be added
         """
         return []
 
@@ -195,23 +223,23 @@ class BasePlugin:
         """
         Performs actions after training is complete.
 
-        Parameters:
+        Args:
-        cfg (dict): The axolotl configuration
+            cfg (dict): The axolotl configuration
-        model (object): The loaded model.
+            model (object): The loaded model.
 
         Returns:
-        None
+            None
         """
 
     def post_train_unload(self, cfg):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
         """
         Performs actions after training is complete and the model is unloaded.
 
-        Parameters:
+        Args:
-        cfg (dict): The configuration for the plugin.
+            cfg (dict): The configuration for the plugin.
 
         Returns:
-        None
+            None
         """
 
 
@@ -338,6 +366,27 @@ class PluginManager:
                 input_args.append(input_args_from_plugin)
         return input_args
 
+    def load_datasets(self, cfg, preprocess: bool = False):
+        """
+        Calls the load_datasets method of each registered plugin.
+
+        Args:
+            cfg: The configuration for the plugins.
+            preprocess : Whether this is preprocess step of the datasets.
+
+        Returns:
+            dataset_meta: The dataset metadata loaded from all registered plugins.
+        """
+        return_ds_meta = None
+        for plugin in self.plugins.values():
+            dataset_meta = plugin.load_datasets(cfg, preprocess)
+            if dataset_meta is not None:
+                if return_ds_meta is None:
+                    return_ds_meta = dataset_meta
+                else:
+                    raise RuntimeError("Multiple plugins loaded datasets")
+        return return_ds_meta
+
     def pre_model_load(self, cfg):
         """
         Calls the pre_model_load method of all registered plugins.
@@ -422,6 +471,20 @@ class PluginManager:
                 return trainer_cls
         return None
 
+    def post_trainer_create(self, cfg, trainer):
+        """
+        Calls the post_trainer_create method of all registered plugins.
+
+        Parameters:
+        cfg (dict): The configuration for the plugins.
+        trainer (object): The trainer object for training.
+
+        Returns:
+        None
+        """
+        for plugin in self.plugins.values():
+            plugin.post_trainer_create(cfg, trainer)
+
     def create_optimizer(self, trainer):
         """
         Calls the create_optimizer method of all registered plugins and returns the first non-None optimizer.

src/axolotl/monkeypatch/attention/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+"""
+attention module for attention monkeypatches
+"""
+
+from transformers.integrations.flash_attention import flash_attention_forward
+
+
+def patch_xformers_attn_over_fa2():
+    from transformers.modeling_utils import ALL_ATTENTION_FUNCTIONS
+
+    from .xformers import xformers_attention_forward
+
+    ALL_ATTENTION_FUNCTIONS["flash_attention_2"] = xformers_attention_forward
+
+
+def unpatch_xformers_attn_over_fa2():
+    from transformers.modeling_utils import ALL_ATTENTION_FUNCTIONS
+
+    ALL_ATTENTION_FUNCTIONS["flash_attention_2"] = flash_attention_forward()

src/axolotl/monkeypatch/attention/xformers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+"""
+xformers attention implementation for packing
+"""
+
+from typing import Optional
+
+import torch
+import xformers
+import xformers.ops.fmha
+from transformers.modeling_flash_attention_utils import (
+    _upad_input,
+)
+
+from axolotl.monkeypatch.utils import get_cu_seqlens_from_pos_ids
+
+xformers_attention = xformers.ops.fmha.memory_efficient_attention
+
+
+def xformers_attention_forward(
+    module: torch.nn.Module,
+    query: torch.Tensor,
+    key: torch.Tensor,
+    value: torch.Tensor,
+    attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+    position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+    dropout: float = 0.0,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    scaling: Optional[float] = None,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    sliding_window: Optional[int] = None,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    softcap: Optional[float] = None,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    cu_seq_lens_q: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+    cu_seq_lens_k: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
+    max_length_q: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_length_k: Optional[int] = None,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    **kwargs,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+):
+    # Get dimensions
+    # query: [batch, heads, seq_len, hidden_dim]
+    batch_size = query.size(0)
+    query_length = query.shape[2]
+    key_length = key.shape[2]
+
+    # Default causal mask
+    attn_bias = xformers.ops.LowerTriangularMask()
+
+    # Check if we have sliding window attention
+    has_sliding_window = sliding_window is not None and sliding_window < query_length
+
+    # Transpose dimensions for xformers (Q: [b, h, s, d] -> [b, s, h, d])
+    query = query.transpose(1, 2)
+    key = key.transpose(1, 2)
+    value = value.transpose(1, 2)
+
+    # Get GQA parameters
+    num_attention_heads = module.config.num_attention_heads
+    num_key_value_heads = module.config.num_key_value_heads
+    head_dim = query.size(-1)
+    is_gqa = num_attention_heads != num_key_value_heads
+    n_groups = num_attention_heads // num_key_value_heads if is_gqa else 1
+
+    # If position_ids is provided and check all examples do not contain only 1 sequence, If tensor in increasing
+    # then we probably have one sequence, otherwise it is packed. Additionally check we are in pre-fill/training stage.
+    # Use `flash_attn_varlen_func` to prevent cross-example attention and also allow padding free approach
+    if position_ids is not None and (
+        max_length_q is not None
+        or (query_length != 1 and not (torch.diff(position_ids, dim=-1) >= 0).all())
+    ):
+        if cu_seq_lens_q is None or cu_seq_lens_k is None:
+            cu_seq_lens_q = get_cu_seqlens_from_pos_ids(position_ids)[0]
+            cu_seq_lens_q = cu_seq_lens_q.squeeze()
+            seq_lengths = cu_seq_lens_q[1:] - cu_seq_lens_q[:-1]
+            attn_bias = (
+                xformers.ops.fmha.attn_bias.BlockDiagonalCausalMask.from_seqlens(
+                    q_seqlen=seq_lengths.tolist(),
+                )
+            )
+        else:
+            query = query.reshape(-1, query.size(-2), query.size(-1))
+            key = key.reshape(-1, key.size(-2), key.size(-1))
+            value = value.reshape(-1, value.size(-2), value.size(-1))
+
+        # Handle GQA
+        if is_gqa:
+            key = key.repeat_interleave(n_groups, dim=2)
+            value = value.repeat_interleave(n_groups, dim=2)
+
+    elif attention_mask is not None:
+        query, key, value, _, cu_seq_lens, _ = _upad_input(
+            query, key, value, attention_mask, query_length
+        )
+        cu_seq_lens_q, cu_seq_lens_k = cu_seq_lens
+        seq_lengths = []
+        for i in range(len(cu_seq_lens_q) - 1):
+            seq_lengths.append(cu_seq_lens_q[i + 1] - cu_seq_lens_q[i])
+        attn_bias = xformers.ops.fmha.attn_bias.BlockDiagonalCausalMask.from_seqlens(
+            q_seqlen=seq_lengths,
+            kv_seqlen=seq_lengths,
+        )
+
+        # Handle GQA
+        if is_gqa:
+            key = key.repeat_interleave(n_groups, dim=2)
+            value = value.repeat_interleave(n_groups, dim=2)
+    else:
+        # Handle Group Query Attention (GQA) using view/expand approach from reference
+        key = key.view(batch_size, key_length, num_key_value_heads, 1, head_dim)
+        value = value.view(batch_size, key_length, num_key_value_heads, 1, head_dim)
+        key = key.expand(
+            batch_size, key_length, num_key_value_heads, n_groups, head_dim
+        )
+        value = value.expand(
+            batch_size, key_length, num_key_value_heads, n_groups, head_dim
+        )
+
+        if module.training:
+            key = key.reshape(batch_size, key_length, num_attention_heads, head_dim)
+            value = value.reshape(batch_size, key_length, num_attention_heads, head_dim)
+
+            if has_sliding_window:
+                query = query.view(
+                    1, batch_size * query_length, num_attention_heads, head_dim
+                )
+                key = key.view(
+                    1, batch_size * key_length, num_attention_heads, head_dim
+                )
+                value = value.view(
+                    1, batch_size * key_length, num_attention_heads, head_dim
+                )
+        else:
+            query = query.view(
+                batch_size, query_length, num_key_value_heads, n_groups, head_dim
+            )
+
+            # If we need a sliding window attention
+            if has_sliding_window:
+                query = query.view(
+                    1,
+                    batch_size * query_length,
+                    num_key_value_heads,
+                    n_groups,
+                    head_dim,
+                )
+                key = key.view(
+                    1, batch_size * key_length, num_key_value_heads, n_groups, head_dim
+                )
+                value = value.view(
+                    1, batch_size * key_length, num_key_value_heads, n_groups, head_dim
+                )
+
+    # Run the xformers attention
+    attn_output = xformers_attention(
+        query,
+        key,
+        value,
+        attn_bias=attn_bias,
+    )
+
+    attn_output = attn_output.view(
+        batch_size, -1, attn_output.size(-2), attn_output.size(-1)
+    )
+    return attn_output, None

src/axolotl/monkeypatch/peft/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+"""
+Patch prepare_model_for_kbit_training to not upcast everything
+"""
+
+import inspect
+import logging
+
+import peft
+
+import axolotl
+from axolotl.monkeypatch.utils import detab_code
+
+LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+ORIGINAL_PREPARE_CODE = """
+        for param in model.parameters():
+            if (
+                (param.dtype == torch.float16) or (param.dtype == torch.bfloat16)
+            ) and param.__class__.__name__ != "Params4bit":
+                param.data = param.data.to(torch.float32)
+"""
+
+PATCHED_PREPARE_CODE = """
+        for name, param in model.named_parameters():
+            if (
+                (param.dtype == torch.float16) or (param.dtype == torch.bfloat16)
+            ) and param.__class__.__name__ != "Params4bit" and all(embed_name not in name for embed_name in ["embed_tokens", "lm_head"]):
+                param.data = param.data.to(torch.float32)
+"""
+
+
+def get_peft_prep_code() -> str:
+    prepare = inspect.getsource(peft.utils.other.prepare_model_for_kbit_training)
+    return prepare
+
+
+def check_peft_prep_code_is_patchable() -> bool:
+    prep_code = get_peft_prep_code()
+    prep_code, _ = detab_code(prep_code)
+    return ORIGINAL_PREPARE_CODE in prep_code
+
+
+def patch_peft_prep_code():
+    """
+    monkeypatch create_accelerator_and_postprocess so it checks for additional kwargs
+    """
+
+    try:
+        prep_code = get_peft_prep_code()
+    except OSError:
+        return
+    peft.utils.other._original_create_accelerator_and_postprocess = (  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+        prep_code
+    )
+    prep_code, _ = detab_code(prep_code)
+    if ORIGINAL_PREPARE_CODE not in prep_code:
+        return
+
+    prep_code = prep_code.replace(ORIGINAL_PREPARE_CODE, PATCHED_PREPARE_CODE)
+    prep_code = prep_code.replace(
+        "def prepare_model_for_kbit_training(",
+        "def fixed_prepare_model_for_kbit_training(",
+        1,
+    )
+
+    items_to_import = []
+    for item in dir(peft.utils.other):
+        if item in prep_code:
+            items_to_import.append(item)
+
+    exec(  # pylint: disable=exec-used  # nosec B102
+        "from peft.utils.other import (" + ", ".join(x for x in items_to_import) + ")",
+        globals(),
+    )
+    exec(prep_code, globals())  # pylint: disable=exec-used  # nosec B102
+    LOG.info("patching prepare_model_for_kbit_training to allow for overrides")
+    peft.utils.other.prepare_model_for_kbit_training = fixed_prepare_model_for_kbit_training  # pylint: disable=protected-access  # pylint: disable=undefined-variable  # noqa: F821
+    axolotl.utils.models.prepare_model_for_kbit_training = fixed_prepare_model_for_kbit_training  # pylint: disable=protected-access  # pylint: disable=undefined-variable  # noqa: F821

src/axolotl/train.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 import importlib
 import inspect
+import logging
 import os
 import signal
 import sys
@@ -12,7 +13,6 @@ from typing import Any, Dict
 
 import torch
 import transformers.modelcard
-from accelerate.logging import get_logger
 from accelerate.utils import save_fsdp_model
 from datasets import Dataset
 from huggingface_hub.errors import OfflineModeIsEnabled
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from transformers import PreTrainedModel, PreTrainedTokenizer, ProcessorMixin
 from transformers.integrations.deepspeed import is_deepspeed_zero3_enabled
 from transformers.trainer import Trainer
 
+from axolotl.cli.art import print_axolotl_text_art
 from axolotl.common.datasets import TrainDatasetMeta
 from axolotl.contribs.lgpl import (  # pylint: disable = no-name-in-module
     fix_untrained_tokens,
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     BetterTransformer = None
 
-LOG = get_logger(__name__)
+LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 def setup_model_and_tokenizer(
@@ -62,7 +63,6 @@ def setup_model_and_tokenizer(
     # Load tokenizer
     LOG.debug(
         f"loading tokenizer... {cfg.tokenizer_config or cfg.base_model_config}",
-        main_process_only=True,
     )
     tokenizer = load_tokenizer(cfg)
 
@@ -516,6 +516,8 @@ def train(
     Returns:
         Tuple of (model, tokenizer) after training
     """
+    print_axolotl_text_art()
+
     # Setup model, tokenizer, (causal or RLHF) trainer, etc.
     (
         trainer,
@@ -525,6 +527,9 @@ def train(
         processor,
     ) = setup_model_and_trainer(cfg, dataset_meta)
 
+    plugin_manager = PluginManager.get_instance()
+    plugin_manager.post_trainer_create(cfg, trainer)
+
     # Handle untrained tokens if configured
     safe_serialization = cfg.save_safetensors is True
     train_dataset = dataset_meta.train_dataset
@@ -547,7 +552,6 @@ def train(
     if not cfg.use_ray:
         cleanup_distributed()
 
-    plugin_manager = PluginManager.get_instance()
     plugin_manager.post_train(cfg, model)
 
     return model, tokenizer, trainer

src/axolotl/utils/callbacks/__init__.py

@@ -868,3 +868,28 @@ class GCCallback(TrainerCallback):
     ):
         torch.cuda.empty_cache()
         gc.collect()
+
+
+def colab_inference_post_train_callback(trainer: Trainer):
+    class ColabCallback(TrainerCallback):
+        """Callback to prep model for inference on Google Colab"""
+
+        def __init__(self, cfg):
+            self.gpu_name = torch.cuda.get_device_name(0)
+            self.cfg = cfg
+
+        def on_train_end(
+            self, args, state, control, **kwargs
+        ):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+            """
+            handle T4 gpu, we need to convert attention to eager for inference
+            """
+            if "Tesla T4" in self.gpu_name and self.cfg.xformers_attention:
+                trainer.model.config._attn_implementation = (  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+                    "eager"
+                )
+            trainer.model.gradient_checkpointing_disable()
+            trainer.model.config.use_cache = True
+            trainer.model.eval()
+
+    return ColabCallback

src/axolotl/utils/config/__init__.py

@@ -70,6 +70,9 @@ def resolve_dtype(cfg):
             if cfg.fp16 is None and not cfg.float16:
                 cfg.fp16 = True
 
+    if cfg.fp16 and cfg.bf16 == "auto":
+        cfg.bf16 = False
+
     if cfg.device == "mps":
         cfg.load_in_8bit = False
         cfg.tf32 = False

src/axolotl/utils/data/shared.py

@@ -281,6 +281,10 @@ def load_dataset_w_config(
             **load_ds_kwargs,
         )
     if not ds:
-        raise ValueError("unhandled dataset load")
+        raise ValueError(
+            "The dataset could not be loaded. This could be due to a misconfigured dataset path "
+            f"({config_dataset.path}). Try double-check your path / name / data_files. "
+            "This is not caused by the dataset type."
+        )
 
     return ds

src/axolotl/utils/gradient_checkpointing/__init__.py

@@ -1,16 +1,59 @@
 """custom checkpointing utils"""
 
+import importlib
 from functools import partial
 
-from axolotl.utils.gradient_checkpointing.unsloth import (
+from packaging import version
-    Unsloth_Offloaded_Gradient_Checkpointer,
+
+from axolotl.utils.gradient_checkpointing.offload_cpu import (
+    CPU_Offloaded_Gradient_Checkpointer,
 )
+from axolotl.utils.gradient_checkpointing.offload_disk import (
+    DiskOffloadedGradientCheckpointer,
+)
+
+transformers_version = version.parse(importlib.metadata.version("transformers"))
+if transformers_version > version.parse("4.51.3"):
+    from transformers.modeling_layers import GradientCheckpointingLayer
+
+    def uses_gc_layers(decoder_layer):
+        return isinstance(decoder_layer.func.__self__, GradientCheckpointingLayer)
+
+else:
+
+    def uses_gc_layers(_):
+        return False
 
 
 def hf_grad_checkpoint_offload_wrapper(
     decoder_layer, *args, use_reentrant=None
 ):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
-    return Unsloth_Offloaded_Gradient_Checkpointer.apply(
+    if uses_gc_layers(decoder_layer):
+        return CPU_Offloaded_Gradient_Checkpointer.apply(
+            decoder_layer,
+            *args,
+        )
+
+    return CPU_Offloaded_Gradient_Checkpointer.apply(
+        (
+            decoder_layer.func.__self__
+            if isinstance(decoder_layer, partial)
+            else decoder_layer.__self__
+        ),
+        *args,
+    )
+
+
+def hf_grad_checkpoint_disk_offload_wrapper(
+    decoder_layer, *args, use_reentrant=None
+):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    if uses_gc_layers(decoder_layer):
+        return DiskOffloadedGradientCheckpointer.apply(
+            decoder_layer,
+            *args,
+        )
+
+    return DiskOffloadedGradientCheckpointer.apply(
         (
             decoder_layer.func.__self__
             if isinstance(decoder_layer, partial)

src/axolotl/utils/gradient_checkpointing/offload_cpu.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-"""Unsloth checkpointing"""
+"""CPU offloaded checkpointing"""
 
 # Copyright 2023-present Daniel Han-Chen & the Unsloth team. All rights reserved.
 #
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ else:
     torch_cuda_amp_custom_bwd = torch.amp.custom_bwd(device_type="cuda")
 
 
-class Unsloth_Offloaded_Gradient_Checkpointer(  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+class CPU_Offloaded_Gradient_Checkpointer(  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
     torch.autograd.Function
 ):
     """

src/axolotl/utils/gradient_checkpointing/offload_disk.py

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+"""Disk offloaded checkpointing"""
+
+import os
+import tempfile
+import uuid
+
+import torch
+
+torch_cuda_amp_custom_fwd = torch.amp.custom_fwd(device_type="cuda")
+torch_cuda_amp_custom_bwd = torch.amp.custom_bwd(device_type="cuda")
+
+
+class DiskOffloadedGradientCheckpointer(torch.autograd.Function):
+    """
+    Saves both VRAM and RAM by offloading activations to disk.
+    Greater hit to performance than RAM offloading, but useful for extremely memory-constrained environments.
+    """
+
+    # Create a temporary directory for storing tensors
+    _temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="disk_checkpoint_")
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_temp_file_path():
+        """Generate a unique file path for tensor storage"""
+        return os.path.join(
+            DiskOffloadedGradientCheckpointer._temp_dir, f"{uuid.uuid4()}.pt"
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @torch_cuda_amp_custom_fwd
+    def forward(ctx, forward_function, hidden_states, *args):
+        # Generate a unique file path for this tensor
+        file_path = DiskOffloadedGradientCheckpointer._get_temp_file_path()
+
+        # Save tensor to disk in a non-blocking way (detached from compute)
+        # First move to CPU, then save
+        cpu_hidden_states = hidden_states.detach().cpu()
+        torch.save(cpu_hidden_states, file_path)
+
+        # Free CPU memory
+        del cpu_hidden_states
+
+        # Run forward pass
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            output = forward_function(hidden_states, *args)
+
+        # Store the path instead of the tensor
+        ctx.save_for_backward(torch.tensor([0]))  # Dummy tensor
+        ctx.file_path = file_path
+        ctx.forward_function = forward_function
+        ctx.args = args
+        return output
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @torch_cuda_amp_custom_bwd
+    def backward(ctx, dY):  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+        # Load the hidden states from disk
+        hidden_states = torch.load(ctx.file_path, weights_only=True)
+
+        # Move to CUDA and prepare for gradient computation
+        hidden_states = hidden_states.to("cuda", non_blocking=True).detach()
+        hidden_states.requires_grad = True
+
+        # Clean up the temporary file
+        try:
+            os.remove(ctx.file_path)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            pass  # Ignore errors in file deletion
+
+        # Compute gradients
+        with torch.enable_grad():
+            output = ctx.forward_function(hidden_states, *ctx.args)
+        # pylint: disable=duplicate-code
+        torch.autograd.backward(output, dY)
+
+        return (
+            None,
+            hidden_states.grad,
+        ) + (
+            None,
+        ) * len(ctx.args)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def cleanup():
+        """Clean up the temporary directory when done"""
+        import shutil
+
+        try:
+            shutil.rmtree(
+                DiskOffloadedGradientCheckpointer._temp_dir
+            )  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            pass

src/axolotl/utils/models.py

@@ -70,7 +70,10 @@ from axolotl.utils.distributed import (
     is_local_main_process,
     is_main_process,
 )
-from axolotl.utils.gradient_checkpointing import hf_grad_checkpoint_offload_wrapper
+from axolotl.utils.gradient_checkpointing import (
+    hf_grad_checkpoint_disk_offload_wrapper,
+    hf_grad_checkpoint_offload_wrapper,
+)
 from axolotl.utils.lora_embeddings import get_linear_embedding_layers
 from axolotl.utils.model_shard_quant import load_sharded_model, load_sharded_model_quant
 
@@ -556,11 +559,21 @@ class ModelLoader:
         self.auto_model_loader = AutoModelForCausalLM  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
 
     def apply_patches(self) -> None:
+        if self.cfg.xformers_attention and self.cfg.sample_packing:
+            from axolotl.monkeypatch.attention import patch_xformers_attn_over_fa2
+
+            patch_xformers_attn_over_fa2()
+            self.cfg.flash_attention = True
         if self.cfg.fsdp_config and str(self.cfg.fsdp_config.fsdp_version) == "2":
             from axolotl.monkeypatch.accelerate.fsdp2 import patch_accelerate_fsdp_utils
 
             patch_accelerate_fsdp_utils()
 
+        if self.cfg.adapter and self.cfg.embeddings_skip_upcast:
+            from axolotl.monkeypatch.peft.utils import patch_peft_prep_code
+
+            patch_peft_prep_code()
+
         if self.cfg.flex_attention:
             from axolotl.monkeypatch.attention.flex_attn import (
                 patch_flex_make_mask,
@@ -609,6 +622,10 @@ class ModelLoader:
 
         if self.cfg.gradient_checkpointing in ["unsloth", "offload"]:
             transformers.modeling_utils.checkpoint = hf_grad_checkpoint_offload_wrapper
+        if self.cfg.gradient_checkpointing == "offload_disk":
+            transformers.modeling_utils.checkpoint = (
+                hf_grad_checkpoint_disk_offload_wrapper
+            )
 
         if self.cfg.flash_attention:
             self.patch_attention()
@@ -1180,7 +1197,7 @@ class ModelLoader:
                 ],
             )
 
-    def prepare_model(self, qlora_fsdp) -> None:
+    def prepare_model(self, qlora_fsdp: bool) -> None:
         skip_prepare_model_for_kbit_training = False
         if self.cfg.model_config_type == "qwen" and self.cfg.adapter == "lora":
             # Qwen doesn't play nicely with LoRA if this is enabled
@@ -1310,7 +1327,10 @@ class ModelLoader:
         # make sure these are fp32 per Ramesh et al. (2021)
         embedding_modules = get_linear_embedding_layers(self.cfg.model_config_type)
         if not self.cfg.fsdp:
-            # FSDP doesn't like mixed Float and BFloat16
+            # we don't run this during FSDP because this will leave mixed
+            # float and bfloat16 dtypes in the model which FSDP doesn't like
+            if self.cfg.load_in_4bit and self.cfg.embeddings_skip_upcast:
+                embedding_modules = []
             self.convert_embedding_modules_dtype(
                 embedding_modules,
                 dist_dtype=torch.float32,

src/axolotl/utils/samplers/multipack.py

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
-# pylint: skip-file
 """
-Multipack Batch Sampler
+Multipack Batch Sampler - An efficient batch sampler for packing variable-length sequences
+into fixed-capacity batches to optimize memory usage and training throughput.
 """
+
 import logging
 import math
-from typing import Any, Iterable, List, Union
+from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor
+from multiprocessing import cpu_count
+from typing import Iterable, Union
 
 import numba
 import numpy as np
@@ -13,26 +16,39 @@ from torch.utils.data import BatchSampler, Sampler, SequentialSampler
 from axolotl.utils.distributed import reduce_and_broadcast
 
 LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
 LOG.setLevel(logging.INFO)
 
 
 @numba.njit
-def ffd_check(a: np.ndarray, c: int, n: int):
+def ffd_check(sequence_lengths: np.ndarray, bin_capacity: int, num_bins: int):
-    # First-fit-decreasing bin packing
+    """
-    # Check if a[] could fit in n bins with capacity c
+    First-fit-decreasing bin packing algorithm check
-    # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-fit-decreasing_bin_packing
 
-    a = np.sort(a)[::-1]
+    Checks if sequences with the given lengths could fit in the specified number of bins
-    bins = np.full((n,), c, dtype=a.dtype)
+
-    for size in a:
+    Args:
+        sequence_lengths: Array of sequence lengths
+        bin_capacity: Maximum capacity of each bin
+        num_bins: Number of bins available
+
+    Returns:
+        True if all sequences can be packed, False otherwise
+    """
+    # Sort sequence lengths in descending order for optimal packing
+    sequence_lengths = np.sort(sequence_lengths)[::-1]
+    # Initialize all bins with full capacity
+    bins = np.full((num_bins,), bin_capacity, dtype=sequence_lengths.dtype)
+
+    # Try to place each sequence in the first bin it fits
+    for size in sequence_lengths:
         not_found = True
-        for idx in range(n):
+        for idx in range(num_bins):
             if bins[idx] >= size:
                 bins[idx] -= size
                 not_found = False
                 break
 
+        # If no bin could fit this sequence, packing failed
         if not_found:
             return False
 
@@ -40,86 +56,128 @@ def ffd_check(a: np.ndarray, c: int, n: int):
 
 
 @numba.njit
-def ffd_with_result(a: np.ndarray, c: int, start_index: int):
+def pack_group(
-    # First-fit-decreasing bin packing (with result return)
+    sequence_lengths: np.ndarray,
+    group_offset: int,
+    bin_capacity: int,
+    max_bins: int,
+    bin_size: int,
+    safe_mode: bool = True,
+):
+    """
+    Pack a group of sequences into bins using First-Fit Decreasing algorithm
 
-    indices = np.argsort(a)[::-1]
+    Args:
-    a = a[indices]
+        sequence_lengths: Array of sequence lengths
+        group_offset: Offset to apply to indices when returning results
+        bin_capacity: Maximum capacity of each bin
+        max_bins: Maximum number of bins to use
+        bin_size: Maximum number of sequences per bin
+        safe_mode: If True, use a more conservative packing approach
 
-    bins: List[Any] = []
+    Returns:
-    bins_result: List[Any] = []
+        List of bins, where each bin contains indices of sequences assigned to it
-    for a_id, size in enumerate(a):
+    """
-        add_new = True
+    bins_remaining_space: list = []  # Tracks remaining capacity in each bin
-        for idx in range(len(bins)):
+    bins_assigned_sequences: list = []  # Tracks sequence indices assigned to each bin
-            if bins[idx] >= size:
+
-                bins[idx] -= size
+    for seq_id, size in enumerate(sequence_lengths):
-                bins_result[idx].append(indices[a_id] + start_index)
+        global_idx = seq_id + group_offset
-                add_new = False
+
+        # Try to place sequence in existing bins
+        add_new_bin = True
+        for bin_idx, _ in enumerate(bins_remaining_space):
+            if (
+                bins_remaining_space[bin_idx] >= size
+                and len(bins_assigned_sequences[bin_idx]) < bin_size
+            ):
+                bins_remaining_space[bin_idx] -= size
+                bins_assigned_sequences[bin_idx].append(global_idx)
+                add_new_bin = False
                 break
 
-        if add_new:
+        # Create a new bin if needed and if we haven't reached the limit
-            bins.append(c - size)
+        if add_new_bin:
-            bins_result.append([indices[a_id] + start_index])
+            if len(bins_remaining_space) >= max_bins and safe_mode:
+                # In safe mode, skip items that would exceed max_bins
+                continue
+            bins_remaining_space.append(bin_capacity - size)
+            bins_assigned_sequences.append([global_idx])
 
-    return bins_result
+            # Safety check to avoid infinite bins
+            if len(bins_remaining_space) > len(sequence_lengths):
+                break
+
+    return bins_assigned_sequences
 
 
-@numba.njit
+# Define a standalone function for multiprocessing
-def allocate(
+def _process_group(args):
-    lengths: np.ndarray, lengths_cumsum: np.ndarray, rank: int, c: int, n: int
+    group_lengths, start_idx, bin_capacity, max_bins, bin_size, safe_mode = args
+    return pack_group(
+        group_lengths, start_idx, bin_capacity, max_bins, bin_size, safe_mode
+    )
+
+
+def pack_parallel(
+    sequence_lengths: np.ndarray,
+    bin_capacity: int,
+    group_size: int,
+    bin_size: int,
+    num_processes: int | None = None,
+    safe_mode: bool = True,
 ):
-    # Dynamic batch allocator, similar to Multifit
+    """
-    # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multifit_algorithm
+    Pack sequences into bins using parallel processing
-    # ~99.5% efficiency on OpenChat training set (12 * 2048 ctx len)
 
-    s = 0
+    Args:
-    start_index = 0
+        sequence_lengths: Array of sequence lengths
-    result = []
+        bin_capacity: Maximum capacity of each bin as total number of tokens
+        group_size: Number of sequences to process in each group
+        bin_size: Maximum number of bins to use
+        num_processes: Number of parallel processes to use
+        safe_mode: If True, use a more conservative packing approach
 
-    while True:
+    Returns:
-        # binary search [l, r)
+        List of bins, where each bin contains indices of sequences assigned to it
-        left = 1
+    """
-        right = 1 + np.searchsorted(lengths_cumsum[start_index:], s + c * n, "right")
+    num_items = len(sequence_lengths)
+    if num_processes is None:
+        num_processes = max(1, min(num_items // group_size, cpu_count()))
 
-        while right - left > 1:
+    # Create tasks for parallel processing
-            mid = (left + right) // 2
+    tasks = []
-            if ffd_check(lengths[start_index : start_index + mid], c, n):
+    for i in range(0, num_items, group_size):
-                left = mid
+        group_lengths = sequence_lengths[i : i + group_size]
-            else:
+        max_bins = len(group_lengths)  # Allow as many bins as items in the group
-                right = mid
+        tasks.append((group_lengths, i, bin_capacity, max_bins, bin_size, safe_mode))
 
-        # use length l
+    # Process groups in parallel
-        batch = ffd_with_result(
+    all_bins = []
-            lengths[start_index : start_index + left], c, start_index
+    with ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=num_processes) as executor:
-        )
+        for group_bins in executor.map(_process_group, tasks):
-        assert len(batch) <= n
+            all_bins.extend(group_bins)
-        if len(batch) < n:
-            break
 
-        start_index += left
+    return all_bins
-        s = lengths_cumsum[start_index - 1]
-
-        # add local rank
-        result.append(batch[rank])
-
-    return result, s, len(result) * c * n
 
 
 @numba.njit
-def allocate_sequentially(lengths: np.ndarray, rank: int, c: int, n: int):
+def allocate_sequentially(
+    sequence_lengths: np.ndarray, rank: int, bin_capacity: int, num_ranks: int
+):
     """
     Sequential allocator that preserves example order
 
-    Parameters:
+    Args:
-    - lengths: The lengths of all examples
+        sequence_lengths: The lengths of all examples
-    - rank: The current rank (for distributed training)
+        rank: The current rank (for distributed training)
-    - c: The capacity of each bin (maximum sequence length)
+        bin_capacity: The capacity of each bin (maximum sequence length)
-    - n: Number of ranks
+        num_ranks: Number of ranks (processes/GPUs)
 
     Returns:
-    - result: List of batches for the current rank
+        rank_batches: List of batches for the current rank
-    - total_used: Number of actual example tokens
+        total_tokens_used: Number of actual example tokens
-    - total_slots: Maximum theoretical number of example tokens (number of bins * bin capacity)
+        total_token_slots: Maximum theoretical number of example tokens (number of bins * bin capacity)
     """
     result = []
     total_used = 0
@@ -127,9 +185,9 @@ def allocate_sequentially(lengths: np.ndarray, rank: int, c: int, n: int):
     # First, do sequential packing into bins
     all_bins = []
     current_bin = [0 for i in range(0)]  # numba hint
-    remaining_capacity = c
+    remaining_capacity = bin_capacity
 
-    for idx, size in enumerate(lengths):
+    for idx, size in enumerate(sequence_lengths):
         if size <= remaining_capacity:
             # Example fits in current bin
             current_bin.append(idx)
@@ -140,7 +198,7 @@ def allocate_sequentially(lengths: np.ndarray, rank: int, c: int, n: int):
             if current_bin:  # Add non-empty bin to all_bins
                 all_bins.append(current_bin)
             current_bin = [idx]
-            remaining_capacity = c - size
+            remaining_capacity = bin_capacity - size
             total_used += size
 
     # Add the last bin if not empty
@@ -148,132 +206,227 @@ def allocate_sequentially(lengths: np.ndarray, rank: int, c: int, n: int):
         all_bins.append(current_bin)
 
     # Assign bins to ranks - each rank gets every n-th bin
-    for bin_idx in range(rank, len(all_bins), n):
+    for bin_idx in range(rank, len(all_bins), num_ranks):
         result.append(all_bins[bin_idx])
 
-    return result, total_used, len(all_bins) * c
+    return result, total_used, len(all_bins) * bin_capacity
 
 
 class MultipackBatchSampler(BatchSampler):
-    """Batch sampler class for multipack"""
+    """
+    Batch sampler class for efficient packing of variable-length sequences
+
+    This sampler packs sequences into fixed-capacity bins (batches) to maximize
+    GPU memory utilization and training throughput by reducing padding.
+
+    It supports both parallel packing (using FFD algorithm) and
+    sequential packing (preserving original sequence order).
+    """
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         sampler: Union[Sampler[int], Iterable[int]],
-        batch_size: int,
+        batch_size: int,  # Number of bins per batch
-        batch_max_len: int,
+        batch_max_len: int,  # Maximum sequence length (bin capacity)
-        lengths: np.ndarray,
+        lengths: np.ndarray,  # Sequence lengths
-        packing_efficiency_estimate: float = 1.0,
+        packing_efficiency_estimate: float = 1.0,  # Initial efficiency estimate
-        drop_last: bool = False,
+        drop_last: bool = False,  # Whether to drop final batches (might be incomplete)
-        num_count_samples: int = 16,
+        num_count_samples: int = 16,  # Number of times to estimate batch count
-        sequential: bool = False,
+        sequential: bool = False,  # Whether to use sequential packing
-        **kwargs,
+        group_size: int = 100_000,  # Size of groups for parallel packing
+        bin_size: int = 200,  # The max number of samples that can be packed in a single bin
+        num_processes: int | None = None,  # Number of processes for parallel packing
+        safe_mode: bool = True,  # Conservative packing to prevent training instability
+        **kwargs,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
     ):
         super().__init__(sampler, batch_size, drop_last)
         self.batch_size = batch_size
         self.batch_max_len = batch_max_len
-        self.lengths: np.ndarray = lengths
+        self.lengths = np.array(lengths, dtype=np.int32)
         self.packing_efficiency_estimate = packing_efficiency_estimate or 1.0
         self.sequential = sequential
+        self.group_size = group_size
+        self.bin_size = bin_size
+        self.num_processes = num_processes
+        self.safe_mode = safe_mode
 
         assert isinstance(self.lengths, np.ndarray)
 
         self.epoch = 0
 
-        # statistics
+        # Efficiency statistics tracking
-        self.eff_total_used = 0
+        self.total_tokens_used = 0
-        self.eff_total_slots = 0
+        self.total_token_slots = 0
 
-        # The number of times to calculate the batches to determine the minimum packed dataset length for the local rank
+        # The number of times to calculate batches to determine minimum packed dataset length
         self.num_count_samples = num_count_samples
-        # the minimum packed dataset length across all ranks determined by a gather/broadcast
+        # Minimum packed dataset length across all ranks (determined by gather/broadcast)
         self.len_across_ranks = None
 
+        # Cache for batches
+        self._batches = None
+
         if self.sequential and not isinstance(sampler, SequentialSampler):
-            LOG.warn(
+            LOG.warning(
                 "using sequential sample packing with non-sequential sampler, did you want to also enable curriculum_sampling?"
             )
 
     def set_epoch(self, epoch: int):
+        """Set the epoch number, used for reproducible shuffling across epochs"""
         self.epoch = epoch
+        self._batches = None  # Invalidate batch cache
 
     def generate_batches(self, set_stats=False):
-        indices = [idx for idx in self.sampler]
+        """
+        Generate packed batches for training
 
-        lengths = self.lengths[indices]
+        Args:
-        lengths_cumsum = np.cumsum(lengths)
+            set_stats: Whether to update efficiency statistics
 
-        if self.sequential:
+        Returns:
-            batches, total_used, total_slots = allocate_sequentially(
+            List of batches, where each batch contains multiple bins,
-                lengths=lengths,
+            and each bin contains multiple sequence indices
-                rank=0,
+        """
-                c=self.batch_max_len,
+        if self._batches is not None:
-                n=1,
+            return self._batches
-            )
-        else:
-            batches, total_used, total_slots = allocate(
-                lengths=lengths,
-                lengths_cumsum=lengths_cumsum,
-                rank=0,
-                c=self.batch_max_len,
-                n=1,
-            )
 
-        batches = [
+        # Get indices from the sampler
-            [
+        indices = [  # pylint: disable=unnecessary-comprehension
-                [indices[b_idx] for b_idx in batch]
+            idx for idx in self.sampler
-                for batch in batches[i : i + self.batch_size]
-            ]
-            for i in range(0, len(batches), self.batch_size)
         ]
 
-        # statistics
+        # Get lengths of the selected sequences
-        if set_stats:
+        lengths = self.lengths[indices]
-            self.eff_total_used += total_used
-            self.eff_total_slots += total_slots
 
+        # Pack sequences into bins using either sequential or parallel packing
+        if self.sequential:
+            bins, total_used, total_slots = allocate_sequentially(
+                lengths,
+                rank=0,
+                bin_capacity=self.batch_max_len,
+                num_ranks=1,
+            )
+            # Map bin indices back to original indices
+            bins = [[indices[b_idx] for b_idx in bin_indices] for bin_indices in bins]
+        else:
+            # Use parallel packing
+            all_bins = pack_parallel(
+                lengths,
+                bin_capacity=self.batch_max_len,
+                group_size=self.group_size,
+                bin_size=self.bin_size,
+                num_processes=self.num_processes,
+                safe_mode=self.safe_mode,
+            )
+
+            # Map bin indices back to original indices
+            bins = [
+                [indices[b_idx] for b_idx in bin_indices] for bin_indices in all_bins
+            ]
+
+            # Calculate efficiency statistics
+            total_used = lengths.sum()
+            total_slots = len(all_bins) * self.batch_max_len
+
+        # Group bins into batches (each batch contains batch_size bins)
+        batches = [
+            bins[i : i + self.batch_size] for i in range(0, len(bins), self.batch_size)
+        ]
+
+        # Drop last batch if requested and it's incomplete
+        if self.drop_last and len(batches[-1]) < self.batch_size:
+            batches = batches[:-1]
+            # Adjust total_slots if we dropped a batch
+            if not self.sequential:
+                total_slots -= (self.batch_size - len(batches[-1])) * self.batch_max_len
+
+        # Update statistics if requested
+        if set_stats:
+            self.total_tokens_used += total_used
+            self.total_token_slots += total_slots
+
+        self._batches = batches
         return batches
 
     def __iter__(self):
+        """
+        Return an iterator over batches
+
+        The batches are truncated to match the minimum number of batches across all ranks
+        to ensure distributed training balance
+        """
         batches = self.generate_batches(set_stats=True)
         if self.len_across_ranks:
-            # make sure the batches we iterate over is truncated to the same min length across all ranks
+            # Truncate batches to ensure all ranks have the same number of batches
             batches = batches[: self.len_across_ranks]
         return iter(batches)
 
-    def num_batches(self):
-        batches = self.generate_batches(set_stats=True)
-        return len(batches)
-
     def efficiency(self):
-        return self.eff_total_used / self.eff_total_slots
+        """
+        Calculate the packing efficiency (ratio of tokens used to total token slots)
+        Higher is better - 1.0 would mean perfect packing with no wasted space
+        """
+        if self.total_token_slots == 0:
+            self.generate_batches(set_stats=True)
+        if self.total_token_slots == 0:
+            return 0.0
+        # Return a Python float instead of potentially a numpy float
+        return float(self.total_tokens_used / self.total_token_slots)
 
     def gather_efficiency(self):
-        def calc_sample_packing_eff_est(estimates: List[float]):
+        """
-            LOG.debug(f"sample_packing_eff_est across ranks: {repr(estimates)}")
+        Gather and synchronize packing efficiency estimates across all distributed ranks
-            return math.floor(0.997 * max(estimates))
+        Returns a conservative efficiency estimate based on the measurements
+        """
 
+        def calc_sample_packing_eff_est(estimates: list[float]):
+            LOG.debug(f"sample_packing_eff_est across ranks: {repr(estimates)}")
+            # Use 99.7% of max observed efficiency as a safe estimate
+            max_eff = max(float(eff) for eff in estimates)
+            return math.floor(0.997 * max_eff)
+
+        # Gather efficiency from all ranks and apply the calculation function
         sample_packing_actual_eff_all = reduce_and_broadcast(
-            lambda: self.efficiency(),  # pylint: disable=unnecessary-lambda
+            lambda: float(self.efficiency()),  # pylint: disable=unnecessary-lambda
             calc_sample_packing_eff_est,
         )
+
+        # Quantize to 0.5% intervals for stability
         sample_packing_eff_est = (
             math.ceil(sample_packing_actual_eff_all * 200.0) / 200.0
         )
         return sample_packing_eff_est
 
     def gather_len_batches(self, num):
+        """
+        Gather and synchronize batch counts across all distributed ranks
+        Returns the minimum number of batches available on any rank
+        """
+
         def calc_min_len(estimates: list[(int, float)]):
             LOG.info(f"gather_len_batches: {repr(estimates)}")
             return math.floor(min(estimates))
 
+        # Find minimum batch count across ranks to ensure balance
         min_len_batches = reduce_and_broadcast(lambda: num, calc_min_len)
         return min_len_batches
 
     def __len__(self):
-        if not self.len_across_ranks:
+        """
-            len_batches = min(
+        Return the total number of batches that will be yielded by this sampler
-                [self.num_batches() for _ in range(self.num_count_samples)]
+
+        This is calculated as the minimum number of batches available on any rank
+        to ensure balanced distributed training
+        """
+        if self._batches is None:
+            self._batches = self.generate_batches(set_stats=True)
+
+        if self.len_across_ranks is None:
+            # Sample multiple times to get stable estimate
+            len_batches = min(  # pylint: disable=consider-using-generator
+                [len(self._batches) for _ in range(self.num_count_samples)]
             )
+            # Gather minimum across all ranks
             self.len_across_ranks = self.gather_len_batches(len_batches)
+
         return self.len_across_ranks

src/axolotl/utils/schemas/config.py

@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ class AxolotlInputConfig(
     mean_resizing_embeddings: bool | None = False
     # optionally shrink the embeddings when the tokenizer vocab size is smaller
     shrink_embeddings: bool | None = None
+    embeddings_skip_upcast: bool | None = None
 
     rl: RLType | None = None
     trl: TRLConfig | None = Field(
@@ -177,9 +178,9 @@ class AxolotlInputConfig(
 
     # torch_dtype: torch.dtype | None
 
-    gradient_checkpointing: Literal["unsloth", "offload"] | bool | None = Field(
+    gradient_checkpointing: (
-        default=False
+        Literal["unsloth", "offload", "offload_disk"] | bool | None
-    )
+    ) = Field(default=False)
     gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: dict[str, Any] | None = None
 
     unfrozen_parameters: list[str] | None = None
@@ -435,16 +436,6 @@ class AxolotlInputConfig(
             )
         return data
 
-    @model_validator(mode="before")
-    @classmethod
-    def check_sample_packing_w_xformers(cls, data):
-        if data.get("sample_packing") and data.get("xformers_attention"):
-            raise ValueError(
-                "sample_packing not compatible with xformers_attention. Use flash_attention"
-            )
-
-        return data
-
     @model_validator(mode="before")
     @classmethod
     # pylint: disable=duplicate-code
@@ -471,9 +462,10 @@ class AxolotlInputConfig(
             and not data.get("flash_attention")
             and not data.get("sdp_attention")
             and not data.get("flex_attention")
+            and not data.get("xformers_attention")
         ):
             LOG.warning(
-                "sample_packing without flash, sdp or flex attention does not handle cross sample decontamination."
+                "sample_packing without flash, sdp, xformers or flex attention does not handle cross sample decontamination."
             )
 
         return data

src/axolotl/utils/schemas/enums.py

@@ -53,4 +53,5 @@ class CustomSupportedOptimizers(str, Enum):
     ao_adamw_8bit = "ao_adamw_8bit"  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
     ao_adamw_fp8 = "ao_adamw_fp8"  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
     adopt_adamw = "adopt_adamw"  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+    came_pytorch = "came_pytorch"  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
     muon = "muon"  # pylint: disable=invalid-name

src/axolotl/utils/schemas/training.py

@@ -75,8 +75,10 @@ class HyperparametersConfig(BaseModel):
     lr_groups: list[LrGroup] | None = None
 
     adam_epsilon: float | None = None
+    adam_epsilon2: float | None = None
     adam_beta1: float | None = None
     adam_beta2: float | None = None
+    adam_beta3: float | None = None
     max_grad_norm: float | None = None
     num_epochs: float = Field(default=1.0)
 

tests/conftest.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ shared pytest fixtures
 
 import functools
 import importlib
+import os
 import shutil
 import sys
 import tempfile
@@ -529,31 +530,32 @@ def dataset_fozziethebeat_alpaca_messages_2k_dpo_test_rev_ea82cff(
 
 
 # # pylint: disable=redefined-outer-name,unused-argument
-# def test_load_fixtures(
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
-#     download_smollm2_135m_model,
+    os.environ.get("AXOLOTL_IS_CI_CACHE_PRELOAD", "-1") != "1",
-#     download_llama_68m_random_model,
+    reason="Not running in CI cache preload",
-#     download_qwen_2_5_half_billion_model,
+)
-#     download_tatsu_lab_alpaca_dataset,
+def test_load_fixtures(
-#     download_mhenrichsen_alpaca_2k_dataset,
+    download_smollm2_135m_model,
-#     download_mhenrichsen_alpaca_2k_w_revision_dataset,
+    download_qwen_2_5_half_billion_model,
-#     download_mlabonne_finetome_100k_dataset,
+    download_tatsu_lab_alpaca_dataset,
-#     download_argilla_distilabel_capybara_dpo_7k_binarized_dataset,
+    download_mhenrichsen_alpaca_2k_dataset,
-#     download_argilla_ultrafeedback_binarized_preferences_cleaned_dataset,
+    download_mhenrichsen_alpaca_2k_w_revision_dataset,
-#     download_fozzie_alpaca_dpo_dataset,
+    download_mlabonne_finetome_100k_dataset,
-#     download_arcee_ai_distilabel_intel_orca_dpo_pairs_dataset,
+    download_argilla_distilabel_capybara_dpo_7k_binarized_dataset,
-#     download_argilla_dpo_pairs_dataset,
+    download_arcee_ai_distilabel_intel_orca_dpo_pairs_dataset,
-#     download_tiny_shakespeare_dataset,
+    download_argilla_dpo_pairs_dataset,
-#     download_deepseek_model_fixture,
+    download_tiny_shakespeare_dataset,
-#     download_huggyllama_model_fixture,
+    download_deepseek_model_fixture,
-#     download_llama_1b_model_fixture,
+    download_huggyllama_model_fixture,
-#     download_llama3_8b_model_fixture,
+    download_llama_1b_model_fixture,
-#     download_llama3_8b_instruct_model_fixture,
+    download_llama3_8b_model_fixture,
-#     download_phi_35_mini_model_fixture,
+    download_llama3_8b_instruct_model_fixture,
-#     download_phi_3_medium_model_fixture,
+    download_phi_35_mini_model_fixture,
-#     download_mistral_7b_model_fixture,
+    download_phi_3_medium_model_fixture,
-#     download_gemma_2b_model_fixture,
+    download_mistral_7b_model_fixture,
-#     download_gemma2_9b_model_fixture,
+    download_gemma_2b_model_fixture,
-#     download_mlx_mistral_7b_model_fixture,
+    download_gemma2_9b_model_fixture,
-#     download_llama2_model_fixture,
+    download_mlx_mistral_7b_model_fixture,
-# ):
+    download_llama2_model_fixture,
-#     pass
+):
+    pass

tests/e2e/integrations/test_hooks.py

@@ -29,6 +29,12 @@ class LogHooksPlugin(BasePlugin):
         except FileNotFoundError:
             pass
 
+    def post_trainer_create(self, cfg, trainer):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        with open(
+            self.base_dir.joinpath("plugin_hooks.log"), "a", encoding="utf-8"
+        ) as f:
+            f.write("post_trainer_create\n")
+
     def pre_model_load(self, cfg):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
         with open(
             self.base_dir.joinpath("plugin_hooks.log"), "a", encoding="utf-8"
@@ -165,6 +171,7 @@ class TestPluginHooks:
         ) as f:
             file_contents = f.readlines()
             file_contents = "\n".join(file_contents)
+            assert "post_trainer_create" in file_contents
             assert "pre_model_load" in file_contents
             assert "post_model_build" in file_contents
             assert "pre_lora_load" in file_contents

tests/e2e/integrations/test_kd.py

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class TestKnowledgeDistillation:
         train(cfg=cfg, dataset_meta=dataset_meta)
         assert (Path(temp_dir) / "model.safetensors").exists()
         check_tensorboard(
-            temp_dir + "/runs", "train/loss", 1.0, "Train Loss is too high"
+            temp_dir + "/runs", "train/loss", 1.2, "Train Loss (%s) is too high"
         )
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
@@ -121,5 +121,5 @@ class TestKnowledgeDistillation:
         train(cfg=cfg, dataset_meta=dataset_meta)
         assert (Path(temp_dir) / "adapter_model.safetensors").exists()
         check_tensorboard(
-            temp_dir + "/runs", "train/loss", 1.0, "Train Loss is too high"
+            temp_dir + "/runs", "train/loss", 1.2, "Train Loss (%s) is too high"
         )

tests/e2e/multigpu/test_llama.py

@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ class TestMultiGPULlama:
                 "sample_packing": True,
                 "pad_to_sequence_len": True,
                 "sequence_len": 2048,
-                "val_set_size": 0.05,
+                "val_set_size": 0.1,
                 "special_tokens": {
                     "pad_token": "<|endoftext|>",
                 },

tests/e2e/patched/lora_kernels/test_lora_kernel_patching.py

@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ from axolotl.utils.dict import DictDefault
 
 MODEL_CONFIGS = [
     {
-        "name": "openaccess-ai-collective/tiny-mistral",
+        "name": "trl-internal-testing/tiny-MistralForCausalLM-0.2",
         "expected_activation": apply_lora_mlp_swiglu,
         "dtype": torch.float16,
     },
     {
-        "name": "Qwen/Qwen2-7B",
+        "name": "trl-internal-testing/tiny-Qwen2ForCausalLM-2.5",
         "expected_activation": apply_lora_mlp_swiglu,
         "dtype": torch.float16,
     },
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ MODEL_CONFIGS = [
         "dtype": torch.float32,
     },
     {
-        "name": "mhenrichsen/gemma-2b",
+        "name": "trl-internal-testing/tiny-Gemma2ForCausalLM",
         "expected_activation": apply_lora_mlp_geglu,
         "dtype": torch.float16,
     },
@@ -156,7 +156,9 @@ def test_swiglu_mlp_integration(small_llama_model):
 def test_geglu_model_integration():
     """Test GeGLU activation with Gemma model."""
     model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
-        "mhenrichsen/gemma-2b", torch_dtype=torch.float16, device_map="cuda:0"
+        "trl-internal-testing/tiny-Gemma2ForCausalLM",
+        torch_dtype=torch.float16,
+        device_map="cuda:0",
     )
     peft_config = get_peft_config(
         {

tests/e2e/patched/test_falcon_samplepack.py

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import logging
 import os
 import unittest
 
+import pytest
+
 from axolotl.cli.args import TrainerCliArgs
 from axolotl.common.datasets import load_datasets
 from axolotl.train import train
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ class TestFalconPatched(unittest.TestCase):
     Test case for Falcon models
     """
 
+    @pytest.mark.skip(reason="no tiny models for testing with safetensors")
     @with_temp_dir
     def test_qlora(self, temp_dir):
         # pylint: disable=duplicate-code
@@ -71,6 +74,7 @@ class TestFalconPatched(unittest.TestCase):
         train(cfg=cfg, dataset_meta=dataset_meta)
         check_model_output_exists(temp_dir, cfg)
 
+    @pytest.mark.skip(reason="no tiny models for testing with safetensors")
     @with_temp_dir
     def test_ft(self, temp_dir):
         # pylint: disable=duplicate-code

tests/e2e/patched/test_mistral_samplepack.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class TestMistral(unittest.TestCase):
         # pylint: disable=duplicate-code
         cfg = DictDefault(
             {
-                "base_model": "openaccess-ai-collective/tiny-mistral",
+                "base_model": "trl-internal-testing/tiny-MistralForCausalLM-0.2",
                 "flash_attention": True,
                 "sample_packing": True,
                 "sequence_len": 1024,
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class TestMistral(unittest.TestCase):
         # pylint: disable=duplicate-code
         cfg = DictDefault(
             {
-                "base_model": "openaccess-ai-collective/tiny-mistral",
+                "base_model": "trl-internal-testing/tiny-MistralForCausalLM-0.2",
                 "flash_attention": True,
                 "sample_packing": True,
                 "sequence_len": 1024,

tests/e2e/patched/test_model_patches.py

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class TestModelPatches(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_mistral_multipack(self, temp_dir):
         cfg = DictDefault(
             {
-                "base_model": "openaccess-ai-collective/tiny-mistral",
+                "base_model": "trl-internal-testing/tiny-MistralForCausalLM-0.2",
                 "flash_attention": True,
                 "sample_packing": True,
                 "sequence_len": 2048,

tests/e2e/patched/test_peft_embeddings.py

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+"""
+Test case for handling embeddings when using peft
+"""
+
+import torch
+
+from axolotl.train import setup_model_and_tokenizer
+from axolotl.utils.config import normalize_config, validate_config
+from axolotl.utils.dict import DictDefault
+
+
+class TestLlamaPeftEmbeddings:
+    """
+    test class for handling embeddings when using peft
+    """
+
+    def test_peft_embeddings_upcast(self, temp_dir):
+        # pylint: disable=duplicate-code
+        cfg = DictDefault(
+            {
+                "base_model": "HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-135M",
+                "load_in_4bit": True,
+                "adapter": "qlora",
+                "lora_r": 8,
+                "lora_alpha": 16,
+                "lora_target_linear": True,
+                "trust_remote_code": True,
+                "sequence_len": 512,
+                "val_set_size": 0.01,
+                "special_tokens": {
+                    "pad_token": "<|endoftext|>",
+                },
+                "datasets": [
+                    {
+                        "path": "mhenrichsen/alpaca_2k_test",
+                        "type": "alpaca",
+                    },
+                ],
+                "num_epochs": 1,
+                "max_steps": 2,
+                "micro_batch_size": 1,
+                "gradient_accumulation_steps": 1,
+                "output_dir": temp_dir,
+                "learning_rate": 0.00001,
+                "optimizer": "adamw_8bit",
+                "lr_scheduler": "cosine",
+                "flash_attention": True,
+                "sample_packing": False,
+                "bf16": "auto",
+                "save_safetensors": True,
+                "embeddings_skip_upcast": True,
+            }
+        )
+
+        cfg = validate_config(cfg)
+        normalize_config(cfg)
+
+        model, _, _, _ = setup_model_and_tokenizer(cfg)
+
+        # Check if the embeddings are upcast correctly
+        # only embed_tokens is a parameter that may be upcast
+        assert model.base_model.model.model.embed_tokens.weight.dtype == torch.bfloat16
+        assert model.base_model.model.lm_head.weight.dtype == torch.bfloat16

tests/e2e/patched/test_resume.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from axolotl.train import train
 from axolotl.utils.config import normalize_config, validate_config
 from axolotl.utils.dict import DictDefault
 
-from ..utils import check_model_output_exists, most_recent_subdir
+from ..utils import check_model_output_exists, most_recent_subdir, require_torch_2_6_0
 
 LOG = logging.getLogger("axolotl.tests.e2e")
 os.environ["WANDB_DISABLED"] = "true"
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ class TestResumeLlama:
     Test case for resuming training of llama models
     """
 
+    @require_torch_2_6_0
     def test_resume_lora_packed(self, temp_dir):
         # pylint: disable=duplicate-code
         cfg = DictDefault(
@@ -62,6 +63,7 @@ class TestResumeLlama:
                 "save_total_limit": 5,
                 "max_steps": 15,
                 "use_tensorboard": True,
+                "save_safetensors": True,
             }
         )
         if is_torch_bf16_gpu_available():

tests/e2e/test_evaluate.py

@@ -19,14 +19,11 @@ class TestE2eEvaluate:
         # pylint: disable=duplicate-code
         cfg = DictDefault(
             {
-                "base_model": "JackFram/llama-68m",
+                "base_model": "HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-135M",
-                "tokenizer_type": "LlamaTokenizer",
                 "sequence_len": 1024,
                 "val_set_size": 0.02,
                 "special_tokens": {
-                    "unk_token": "<unk>",
+                    "pad_token": "<|endoftext|>",
-                    "bos_token": "<s>",
-                    "eos_token": "</s>",
                 },
                 "datasets": [
                     {

tests/e2e/test_falcon.py

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import logging
 import os
 import unittest
 
+import pytest
+
 from axolotl.cli.args import TrainerCliArgs
 from axolotl.common.datasets import load_datasets
 from axolotl.train import train
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ class TestFalcon(unittest.TestCase):
     Test case for falcon
     """
 
+    @pytest.mark.skip(reason="no tiny models for testing with safetensors")
     @with_temp_dir
     def test_lora(self, temp_dir):
         # pylint: disable=duplicate-code
@@ -74,6 +77,7 @@ class TestFalcon(unittest.TestCase):
         train(cfg=cfg, dataset_meta=dataset_meta)
         check_model_output_exists(temp_dir, cfg)
 
+    @pytest.mark.skip(reason="no tiny models for testing with safetensors")
     @with_temp_dir
     def test_lora_added_vocab(self, temp_dir):
         # pylint: disable=duplicate-code
@@ -129,6 +133,7 @@ class TestFalcon(unittest.TestCase):
         train(cfg=cfg, dataset_meta=dataset_meta)
         check_model_output_exists(temp_dir, cfg)
 
+    @pytest.mark.skip(reason="no tiny models for testing with safetensors")
     @with_temp_dir
     def test_ft(self, temp_dir):
         # pylint: disable=duplicate-code

tests/e2e/test_mistral.py

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class TestMistral(unittest.TestCase):
         # pylint: disable=duplicate-code
         cfg = DictDefault(
             {
-                "base_model": "openaccess-ai-collective/tiny-mistral",
+                "base_model": "trl-internal-testing/tiny-MistralForCausalLM-0.2",
                 "flash_attention": True,
                 "sequence_len": 1024,
                 "load_in_8bit": True,
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class TestMistral(unittest.TestCase):
         # pylint: disable=duplicate-code
         cfg = DictDefault(
             {
-                "base_model": "openaccess-ai-collective/tiny-mistral",
+                "base_model": "trl-internal-testing/tiny-MistralForCausalLM-0.2",
                 "flash_attention": True,
                 "sequence_len": 1024,
                 "val_set_size": 0.02,

tests/e2e/test_optimizers.py

@@ -199,3 +199,50 @@ class TestCustomOptimizers(unittest.TestCase):
 
         train(cfg=cfg, dataset_meta=dataset_meta)
         check_model_output_exists(temp_dir, cfg)
+
+    @with_temp_dir
+    def test_came_pytorch(self, temp_dir):
+        # pylint: disable=duplicate-code
+        cfg = DictDefault(
+            {
+                "base_model": "JackFram/llama-68m",
+                "tokenizer_type": "LlamaTokenizer",
+                "sequence_len": 1024,
+                "load_in_8bit": True,
+                "adapter": "lora",
+                "lora_r": 8,
+                "lora_alpha": 16,
+                "lora_dropout": 0.05,
+                "lora_target_linear": True,
+                "val_set_size": 0.1,
+                "special_tokens": {
+                    "unk_token": "<unk>",
+                    "bos_token": "<s>",
+                    "eos_token": "</s>",
+                },
+                "datasets": [
+                    {
+                        "path": "mhenrichsen/alpaca_2k_test",
+                        "type": "alpaca",
+                    },
+                ],
+                "num_epochs": 1,
+                "micro_batch_size": 8,
+                "gradient_accumulation_steps": 1,
+                "output_dir": temp_dir,
+                "learning_rate": 0.00001,
+                "optimizer": "came_pytorch",
+                "adam_beta3": 0.9999,
+                "adam_epsilon2": 1e-16,
+                "max_steps": 5,
+                "lr_scheduler": "cosine",
+            }
+        )
+
+        cfg = validate_config(cfg)
+        normalize_config(cfg)
+        cli_args = TrainerCliArgs()
+        dataset_meta = load_datasets(cfg=cfg, cli_args=cli_args)
+
+        train(cfg=cfg, dataset_meta=dataset_meta)
+        check_model_output_exists(temp_dir, cfg)

tests/test_datasets.py

@@ -414,7 +414,6 @@ class TestDatasetPreparation:
             snapshot_path = snapshot_download(
                 repo_id="mhenrichsen/alpaca_2k_test",
                 repo_type="dataset",
-                local_dir=tmp_ds_path,
             )
             shutil.copytree(snapshot_path, tmp_ds_path, dirs_exist_ok=True)
 

tests/test_packed_batch_sampler.py

@@ -106,3 +106,4 @@ class TestBatchedSamplerPacking:
 
         original_idxs = set(range(len(train_dataset)))
         assert original_idxs == set(batch_idxs)
+        assert len(batch_idxs) == len(set(batch_idxs))