fix compile

* simplify logging

* remove comment

* progress on debug.log

* add debug-level logger for file log

* simplify

* case insensitivity; 3rd party logging improvements

* simplify

* fix

* tests

* lint

* nits

* nit

* Update tests/test_utils_tee.py

Co-authored-by: coderabbitai[bot] <136622811+coderabbitai[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* cleanup / comments

* fix

* oops

---------

Co-authored-by: coderabbitai[bot] <136622811+coderabbitai[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

.coderabbit.yaml

@@ -12,6 +12,6 @@ reviews:
   auto_review:
     enabled: true
     drafts: false
-    auto_incremental_review: true
+    auto_incremental_review: false
 chat:
   auto_reply: true

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -36,6 +36,11 @@ jobs:
             python_version: "3.11"
             pytorch: 2.7.1
             axolotl_extras:
+          - cuda: 128
+            cuda_version: 12.8.1
+            python_version: "3.11"
+            pytorch: 2.8.0
+            axolotl_extras:
     runs-on: axolotl-gpu-runner
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
@@ -110,6 +115,11 @@ jobs:
             python_version: "3.11"
             pytorch: 2.7.1
             axolotl_extras:
+          - cuda: 128
+            cuda_version: 12.8.1
+            python_version: "3.11"
+            pytorch: 2.8.0
+            axolotl_extras:
     runs-on: axolotl-gpu-runner
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
@@ -169,6 +179,12 @@ jobs:
             pytorch: 2.7.1
             axolotl_extras: vllm
             is_latest: true
+          - cuda: 128
+            cuda_version: 12.8.1
+            python_version: "3.11"
+            pytorch: 2.8.0
+            axolotl_extras:
+            is_latest:
     runs-on: axolotl-gpu-runner
     steps:
       - name: Checkout

.github/workflows/multi-gpu-e2e.yml

@@ -33,13 +33,6 @@ jobs:
             axolotl_extras:
             num_gpus: 2
             nightly_build: "true"
-          - cuda: 126
-            cuda_version: 12.6.3
-            python_version: "3.11"
-            pytorch: 2.7.0
-            axolotl_extras:
-            num_gpus: 2
-            nightly_build: "true"
           - cuda: 126
             cuda_version: 12.6.3
             python_version: "3.11"
@@ -47,6 +40,13 @@ jobs:
             axolotl_extras: vllm
             num_gpus: 2
             nightly_build: "true"
+          - cuda: 128
+            cuda_version: 12.8.1
+            python_version: "3.11"
+            pytorch: 2.8.0
+            axolotl_extras: fbgemm-gpu
+            num_gpus: 2
+            nightly_build: "true"
     runs-on: [self-hosted, modal]
     timeout-minutes: 120
     steps:

.github/workflows/tests.yml

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         python_version: ["3.11"]
-        pytorch_version: ["2.6.0", "2.7.0", "2.7.1"]
+        pytorch_version: ["2.6.0", "2.7.1", "2.8.0"]
     timeout-minutes: 20
 
     steps:
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         python_version: ["3.11"]
-        pytorch_version: ["2.6.0", "2.7.0", "2.7.1"]
+        pytorch_version: ["2.6.0", "2.7.1", "2.8.0"]
     timeout-minutes: 20
 
     steps:
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ jobs:
           - cuda: 126
             cuda_version: 12.6.3
             python_version: "3.11"
-            pytorch: 2.6.0
+            pytorch: 2.7.1
             num_gpus: 1
             axolotl_extras:
             dockerfile: "Dockerfile-uv.jinja"
@@ -298,6 +298,13 @@ jobs:
             pytorch: 2.7.1
             num_gpus: 1
             axolotl_extras:
+          - cuda: 128
+            cuda_version: 12.8.1
+            python_version: "3.11"
+            pytorch: 2.8.0
+            num_gpus: 1
+            gpu_type: "B200"
+            axolotl_extras: fbgemm-gpu
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -318,6 +325,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "CUDA=${{ matrix.cuda }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
           echo "MODAL_IMAGE_BUILDER_VERSION=2024.10" >> $GITHUB_ENV
           echo "N_GPUS=${{ matrix.num_gpus }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "GPU_TYPE=${{ matrix.gpu_type || 'L40S'}}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
           echo "CODECOV_TOKEN=${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
           echo "E2E_DOCKERFILE=${{ matrix.dockerfile || 'Dockerfile.jinja'}}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       - name: Run tests job on Modal
@@ -334,10 +342,10 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
-          - cuda: 124
+          - cuda: 126
-            cuda_version: 12.4.1
+            cuda_version: 12.6.3
             python_version: "3.11"
-            pytorch: 2.6.0
+            pytorch: 2.7.1
             num_gpus: 1
             axolotl_extras:
     steps:

.gitignore

@@ -190,3 +190,6 @@ out/
 
 # vim
 *.swp
+
+# scm auto-versioning
+src/axolotl/_version.py

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ repos:
     -   id: no-commit-to-branch
         args: ['--branch', 'main']
 -   repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.12.9
+    rev: v0.12.12
     hooks:
     -   id: ruff
         args: [--fix]

CITATION.cff

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 cff-version: 1.2.0
 type: software
-title: "Axolotl: Post-Training for AI Models"
+title: "Axolotl: Open Source LLM Post-Training"
 message: "If you use this software, please cite it as below."
 authors:
   - name: "Axolotl maintainers and contributors"

README.md

@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@
         <img alt="Axolotl" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/axolotl/887513285d98132142bf5db2a74eb5e0928787f1/image/axolotl_logo_digital_black.svg" width="400" height="104" style="max-width: 100%;">
     </picture>
 </p>
+  <p align="center">
+      <strong>A Free and Open Source LLM Fine-tuning Framework</strong><br>
+  </p>
 
 <p align="center">
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/github/license/axolotl-ai-cloud/axolotl.svg?color=blue" alt="GitHub License">
@@ -17,6 +20,7 @@
     <br/>
     <a href="https://discord.com/invite/HhrNrHJPRb"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/discord-7289da.svg?style=flat-square&logo=discord" alt="discord" style="height: 20px;"></a>
     <a href="https://twitter.com/axolotl_ai"><img src="https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/axolotl_ai?style=social" alt="twitter" style="height: 20px;"></a>
+    <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/github/axolotl-ai-cloud/axolotl/blob/main/examples/colab-notebooks/colab-axolotl-example.ipynb"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="google-colab" style="height: 20px;"></a>
     <br/>
     <img src="https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/axolotl/actions/workflows/tests-nightly.yml/badge.svg" alt="tests-nightly">
     <img src="https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/axolotl/actions/workflows/multi-gpu-e2e.yml/badge.svg" alt="multigpu-semi-weekly tests">
@@ -49,20 +53,21 @@
 
 ## ✨ Overview
 
-Axolotl is a tool designed to streamline post-training for various AI models.
+Axolotl is a free and open-source tool designed to streamline post-training and fine-tuning for the latest large language models (LLMs).
 
 Features:
 
-- **Multiple Model Support**: Train various models like LLaMA, Mistral, Mixtral, Pythia, and more. We are compatible with HuggingFace transformers causal language models.
+- **Multiple Model Support**: Train various models like GPT-OSS, LLaMA, Mistral, Mixtral, Pythia, and many more models available on the Hugging Face Hub.
-- **Training Methods**: Full fine-tuning, LoRA, QLoRA, GPTQ, QAT, Preference Tuning (DPO, IPO, KTO, ORPO), RL (GRPO), Multimodal, and Reward Modelling (RM) / Process Reward Modelling (PRM).
+- **Multimodal Training**: Fine-tune vision-language models (VLMs) including LLaMA-Vision, Qwen2-VL, Pixtral, LLaVA, SmolVLM2, and audio models like Voxtral with image, video, and audio support.
-- **Easy Configuration**: Re-use a single YAML file between dataset preprocess, training, evaluation, quantization, and inference.
+- **Training Methods**: Full fine-tuning, LoRA, QLoRA, GPTQ, QAT, Preference Tuning (DPO, IPO, KTO, ORPO), RL (GRPO), and Reward Modelling (RM) / Process Reward Modelling (PRM).
+- **Easy Configuration**: Re-use a single YAML configuration file across the full fine-tuning pipeline: dataset preprocessing, training, evaluation, quantization, and inference.
 - **Performance Optimizations**: [Multipacking](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/multipack.html), [Flash Attention](https://github.com/Dao-AILab/flash-attention), [Xformers](https://github.com/facebookresearch/xformers), [Flex Attention](https://pytorch.org/blog/flexattention/), [Liger Kernel](https://github.com/linkedin/Liger-Kernel), [Cut Cross Entropy](https://github.com/apple/ml-cross-entropy/tree/main), [Sequence Parallelism (SP)](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/sequence_parallelism.html), [LoRA optimizations](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/lora_optims.html), [Multi-GPU training (FSDP1, FSDP2, DeepSpeed)](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/multi-gpu.html), [Multi-node training (Torchrun, Ray)](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/multi-node.html), and many more!
 - **Flexible Dataset Handling**: Load from local, HuggingFace, and cloud (S3, Azure, GCP, OCI) datasets.
 - **Cloud Ready**: We ship [Docker images](https://hub.docker.com/u/axolotlai) and also [PyPI packages](https://pypi.org/project/axolotl/) for use on cloud platforms and local hardware.
 
 
 
-## 🚀 Quick Start
+## 🚀 Quick Start - LLM Fine-tuning in Minutes
 
 **Requirements**:
 
@@ -70,6 +75,10 @@ Features:
 - Python 3.11
 - PyTorch ≥2.6.0
 
+### Google Colab
+
+[![Open In Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/axolotl-ai-cloud/axolotl/blob/main/examples/colab-notebooks/colab-axolotl-example.ipynb#scrollTo=msOCO4NRmRLa)
+
 ### Installation
 
 #### Using pip
@@ -155,7 +164,7 @@ If you use Axolotl in your research or projects, please cite it as follows:
 
 ```bibtex
 @software{axolotl,
-  title = {Axolotl: Post-Training for AI Models},
+  title = {Axolotl: Open Source LLM Post-Training},
   author = {{Axolotl maintainers and contributors}},
   url = {https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/axolotl},
   license = {Apache-2.0},

_quarto.yml

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ quartodoc:
         - utils.distributed
         - utils.dict
         - utils.optimizers.adopt
-        - utils.data.pretraining
+        - utils.data.streaming
         - utils.data.sft
         - utils.quantization
     - title: Schemas
@@ -272,6 +272,7 @@ website:
           contents:
             - docs/batch_vs_grad.qmd
             - docs/dataset_preprocessing.qmd
+            - docs/streaming.qmd
             - docs/multipack.qmd
             - docs/mixed_precision.qmd
             - docs/optimizers.qmd
@@ -284,6 +285,7 @@ website:
             - docs/custom_integrations.qmd
             - docs/sequence_parallelism.qmd
             - docs/gradient_checkpointing.qmd
+            - docs/moe_backends.md
             - docs/nd_parallelism.qmd
 
         - section: "Troubleshooting"

cicd/single_gpu.py

@@ -57,7 +57,8 @@ VOLUME_CONFIG = {
 }
 
 N_GPUS = int(os.environ.get("N_GPUS", 1))
-GPU_CONFIG = f"L40S:{N_GPUS}"
+GPU_TYPE = os.environ.get("GPU_TYPE", "L40S")
+GPU_CONFIG = f"{GPU_TYPE}:{N_GPUS}"
 
 
 def run_cmd(cmd: str, run_folder: str):

codecov.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ coverage:
       default:
         # basic
         target: auto
-        threshold: 0%
+        threshold: 1%
         base: auto
         # advanced
         branches: null
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ coverage:
       default:
         # basic
         target: auto
-        threshold: 0%
+        threshold: 1%
         base: auto
         # advanced
         branches: null

docs/installation.qmd

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ For providers supporting Docker:
 
 ### Google Colab {#sec-colab}
 
-Use our [example notebook](../examples/colab-notebooks/colab-axolotl-example.ipynb).
+[![](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/axolotl-ai-cloud/axolotl/blob/main/examples/colab-notebooks/colab-axolotl-example.ipynb#scrollTo=msOCO4NRmRLa)
 
 ## Platform-Specific Instructions {#sec-platform-specific}
 

docs/moe_backends.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+MoE Backends in Axolotl
+
+Axolotl supports selecting a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) compute backend via the training config (YAML):
+
+- Set `moe_backend: auto|torch_grouped|naive`
+
+Behavior
+- auto (default): prefers PyTorch 2.8+ grouped GEMM; otherwise naive.
+- torch_grouped: targets PyTorch 2.8+ grouped GEMM (H100/SM90+ recommended).
+- naive: keeps the reference per-expert loop.
+
+Notes
+- Current implementation wires the backend selector and routes Mixtral MoE through it. Torch grouped uses cuBLASLt grouped GEMM when available; otherwise, the code falls back to the naive per-expert loop.
+- No changes to training scripts are required; selection happens inside the model forward.
+
+Example
+moe_backend: torch_grouped
+accelerate launch -m axolotl.cli.train path/to/config.yaml

docs/multi-gpu.qmd

@@ -63,15 +63,6 @@ Start from Stage 1 -> Stage 2 -> Stage 3.
 
 :::
 
-::: {.callout-tip}
-
-Using ZeRO Stage 3 with Single-GPU training
-
-ZeRO Stage 3 can be used for training on a single GPU by manually setting the environment variables:
-`WORLD_SIZE=1 LOCAL_RANK=0 MASTER_ADDR=0.0.0.0 MASTER_PORT=29500`
-
-:::
-
 ## Fully Sharded Data Parallel (FSDP) {#sec-fsdp}
 
 ::: {.callout-note}

docs/qat.qmd

@@ -23,10 +23,17 @@ To enable QAT in axolotl, add the following to your configuration file:
 
 ```yaml
 qat:
-  activation_dtype: # Optional[str] = "int8". Fake quantization layout to use for activation quantization. Valid options are "int4" and "int8"
+  activation_dtype: # Optional[str] = "int8". Fake quantization layout to use for activation quantization. Valid options are "int4", "int8", "float8"
-  weight_dtype: # Optional[str] = "int8". Fake quantization layout to use for weight quantization. Valid options are "int4" and "int8"
+  weight_dtype: # Optional[str] = "int8". Fake quantization layout to use for weight quantization. Valid options are "int4", "fp8", and "nvfp4".
   group_size: # Optional[int] = 32. The number of elements in each group for per-group fake quantization
   fake_quant_after_n_steps: # Optional[int] = None. The number of steps to apply fake quantization after
 ```
 
+We support the following quantization schemas:
+- `Int4WeightOnly` (requires the `fbgemm-gpu` extra when installing Axolotl)
+- `Int8DynamicActivationInt4Weight`
+- `Float8DynamicActivationFloat8Weight`
+- `Float8DynamicActivationInt4Weight`
+- `NVFP4`
+
 Once you have finished training, you must quantize your model by using the same quantization configuration which you used to train the model with. You can use the [`quantize`](./quantize.qmd) command to do this.

docs/quantize.qmd

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ Quantization is configured using the `quantization` key in your configuration fi
 ```yaml
 base_model: # The path to the model to quantize.
 quantization:
-  weight_dtype: # Optional[str] = "int8". Fake quantization layout to use for weight quantization. Valid options are uintX for X in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], or int4, or int8
+  activation_dtype: # Optional[str] = "int8". Fake quantization layout to use for activation quantization. Valid options are "int4", "int8", "float8"
-  activation_dtype: # Optional[str] = "int8". Fake quantization layout to use for activation quantization. Valid options are "int4" and "int8"
+  weight_dtype: # Optional[str] = "int8". Fake quantization layout to use for weight quantization. Valid options are "int4", "fp8", and "nvfp4".
   group_size: # Optional[int] = 32. The number of elements in each group for per-group fake quantization
   quantize_embedding: # Optional[bool] = False. Whether to quantize the embedding layer.
 
@@ -39,9 +39,8 @@ you used to train the model:
 # qat.yml
 qat:
   activation_dtype: int8
-  weight_dtype: int8
+  weight_dtype: int4
   group_size: 256
-  quantize_embedding: true
 
 output_dir: # The path to the output directory used during training where the final checkpoint has been saved.
 ```
@@ -51,3 +50,11 @@ axolotl quantize qat.yml
 ```
 
 This ensures that an identical quantization configuration is used to quantize the model as was used to train it.
+
+
+::: {.callout-note}
+
+If you have configured pushing to hub with `hub_model_id`, your model hub name will have the quantization schema appended to it,
+e.g. `axolotl-ai-cloud/qat-nvfp4-llama3B` will become `axolotl-ai-cloud/qat-nvfp4-llama3B-nvfp4w`
+
+:::

docs/reward_modelling.qmd

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ We support the reward modelling techniques supported by `trl`.
 ### (Outcome) Reward Models
 
 Outcome reward models are trained using data which contains preference annotations for an entire interaction between the user and model (e.g. rather than per-turn or per-step).
+For improved training stability, you can use the `center_rewards_coefficient` parameter to encourage mean-zero reward outputs ([see TRL docs](https://huggingface.co/docs/trl/v0.10.1/en/reward_trainer#centering-rewards)).
 
 ```yaml
 base_model: google/gemma-2-2b

docs/streaming.qmd

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+---
+title: Streaming Datasets
+description: How to use streaming mode for large-scale datasets and memory-efficient training
+order: 10
+---
+
+Streaming enables memory-efficient training with large datasets by loading data
+incrementally rather than loading the entire dataset into memory at once.
+
+Use streaming when:
+
+- Your dataset is too large to fit in memory (e.g. when you're doing pretraining with massive text corpora)
+- You want to start training immediately without preprocessing the entire dataset
+
+Streaming works with both remote and locally stored datasets!
+
+::: {.callout-note}
+Streaming currently only supports a single dataset. Multi-dataset support will be added soon.
+:::
+
+
+## Configuration
+
+### Basic Streaming
+
+Enable streaming mode by setting the `streaming` flag:
+
+```yaml
+streaming: true
+```
+
+### Pretraining with Streaming
+
+For pretraining tasks, streaming is automatically enabled when using `pretraining_dataset`:
+
+```yaml
+pretraining_dataset:
+  - path: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
+    type: pretrain
+    text_column: text
+    split: train
+
+# Optionally, enable sample packing
+streaming_multipack_buffer_size: 10000
+sample_packing: true
+```
+
+### SFT with Streaming
+
+For supervised fine-tuning with streaming:
+
+```yaml
+streaming: true
+datasets:
+  - path: tatsu-lab/alpaca
+    type: alpaca
+    split: train
+
+# Optionally, enable sample packing
+streaming_multipack_buffer_size: 10000
+sample_packing: true
+```
+
+## Configuration Options
+
+### `streaming_multipack_buffer_size`
+
+Controls the buffer size for multipack streaming (default: 10,000). This determines how
+many samples are buffered before packing. Larger buffers can improve packing efficiency
+but use more memory.
+
+### `shuffle_merged_datasets`
+
+When enabled, shuffles the streaming dataset using the buffer. This requires additional
+memory for the shuffle buffer.
+
+## Sample Packing with Streaming
+
+Sample packing is supported for streaming datasets. When enabled, multiple samples are
+packed into a single sequence to maximize GPU utilization:
+
+```yaml
+sample_packing: true
+streaming_multipack_buffer_size: 10000
+
+# For SFT: attention is automatically isolated between packed samples
+# For pretraining: control with pretrain_multipack_attn
+pretrain_multipack_attn: true  # prevent cross-attention between packed samples
+```
+
+For more information, see our [documentation](multipack.qmd) on multipacking.
+
+## Important Considerations
+
+### Memory Usage
+
+While streaming reduces memory usage compared to loading entire datasets, you still need
+to consider:
+
+- You can control the memory usage by adjusting `streaming_multipack_buffer_size`
+- Sample packing requires buffering multiple samples
+- Shuffling requires additional memory for the shuffle buffer
+
+### Performance
+
+- Streaming may have slightly higher latency compared to preprocessed datasets, as samples are processed on-the-fly
+- Network speed and disk read speed are important when streaming from remote sources or a local dataset, respectively
+- Consider using `axolotl preprocess` for smaller or more frequently used datasets
+
+### Evaluation Datasets
+
+Evaluation datasets are not streamed to ensure consistent evaluation metrics. They're
+loaded normally even when training uses streaming.
+
+## Examples
+
+See the `examples/streaming/` directory for complete configuration examples:
+
+- `pretrain.yaml`: Pretraining with streaming dataset
+- `sft.yaml`: Supervised fine-tuning with streaming

examples/cloud/baseten.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+provider: baseten
+project_name:
+
+secrets:
+  - HF_TOKEN
+  - WANDB_API_KEY
+
+gpu: h100
+gpu_count: 8
+node_count: 1

examples/colab-notebooks/colab-axolotl-example.ipynb

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
     "%%capture\n",
     "# This step can take ~5-10 minutes to install dependencies\n",
     "!pip install --no-build-isolation axolotl[flash-attn]>=0.9.1\n",
-    "!pip install \"cut-cross-entropy[transformers] @ git+https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/ml-cross-entropy.git@0ee9ee8\""
+    "!pip install \"cut-cross-entropy[transformers] @ git+https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/ml-cross-entropy.git@c6a32c5\""
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -176,8 +176,8 @@
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "from axolotl.utils.dict import DictDefault\n",
     "from axolotl.cli.config import load_cfg\n",
+    "from axolotl.utils.dict import DictDefault\n",
     "\n",
     "# Axolotl provides full control and transparency over model and training configuration\n",
     "config = DictDefault(\n",
@@ -251,10 +251,10 @@
    },
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
-    "from axolotl.utils import patch_optimized_env\n",
+    "from axolotl.utils import set_pytorch_cuda_alloc_conf\n",
     "\n",
-    "# speedup downloads from HF 🤗 and set \"PYTORCH_CUDA_ALLOC_CONF\" env to save memory\n",
+    "# Set \"PYTORCH_CUDA_ALLOC_CONF\" env to save memory\n",
-    "patch_optimized_env()"
+    "set_pytorch_cuda_alloc_conf()"
    ]
   },
   {

examples/devstral/README.md

@@ -20,7 +20,13 @@ pip3 install packaging==23.2 setuptools==75.8.0 wheel ninja
 pip3 install --no-build-isolation 'axolotl[flash-attn]>=0.12.0'
 ```
 
-2. Run the finetuning example:
+2. Install [Cut Cross Entropy](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/custom_integrations.html#cut-cross-entropy) to reduce training VRAM usage
+
+```bash
+python scripts/cutcrossentropy_install.py | sh
+```
+
+3. Run the finetuning example:
 
 ```bash
 axolotl train examples/devstral/devstral-small-qlora.yml

examples/gemma3/270m-qlora.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+base_model: google/gemma-3-270m-it
+# optionally might have model_type or tokenizer_type
+model_type: AutoModelForCausalLM
+tokenizer_type: AutoTokenizer
+# Automatically upload checkpoint and final model to HF
+# hub_model_id: username/custom_model_name
+
+# gemma3 doesn't seem to play nice with ddp
+ddp_find_unused_parameters: true
+
+load_in_8bit: false
+load_in_4bit: true
+
+# huggingface repo
+chat_template: gemma3
+eot_tokens:
+  - <end_of_turn>
+datasets:
+  - path: cgato/SlimOrcaDedupCleaned
+    type: chat_template
+    field_messages: conversations
+    message_property_mappings:
+      role: from
+      content: value
+
+val_set_size: 0.0
+output_dir: ./outputs/out
+
+adapter: qlora
+lora_r: 32
+lora_alpha: 16
+lora_dropout: 0.05
+lora_target_linear: true
+
+sequence_len: 2048
+sample_packing: true
+eval_sample_packing: false
+
+
+wandb_project:
+wandb_entity:
+wandb_watch:
+wandb_name:
+wandb_log_model:
+
+
+gradient_accumulation_steps: 4
+micro_batch_size: 1
+num_epochs: 1
+optimizer: adamw_bnb_8bit
+lr_scheduler: cosine
+learning_rate: 0.0002
+
+bf16: auto
+tf32: true
+
+gradient_checkpointing: true
+gradient_checkpointing_kwargs:
+  use_reentrant: false
+resume_from_checkpoint:
+logging_steps: 1
+flash_attention: true
+
+warmup_ratio: 0.1
+evals_per_epoch:
+saves_per_epoch: 1
+weight_decay: 0.0
+special_tokens:

examples/gpt-oss/README.md

@@ -106,6 +106,16 @@ See [Nanobit/text-tools-2k-test](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Nanobit/text-to
 
 Refer to [our docs](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/dataset-formats/conversation.html#using-tool-use) for more info.
 
+### Thinking and chat_template masking conflict
+
+OpenAI’s Harmony template hides `thinking` in all non-final turns, which conflicts with Axolotl’s `chat_template` masking.
+
+If your dataset has `thinking` content mid-turn, there are two paths we recommend:
+
+- Train only on the last turn. This can be accomplished via chat_template's [train on last doc](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/dataset-formats/conversation.html#training-on-last-message).
+
+- Adjust your dataset to only have `thinking` content in the last turn.
+
 ### TIPS
 
 - Read more on how to load your own dataset at [docs](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/dataset_loading.html).

examples/hunyuan/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+# Finetune HunYuan with Axolotl
+
+Tencent released a family of opensource models called HunYuan with varying parameter scales of 0.5B, 1.8B, 4B, and 7B scale for both Pre-trained and Instruct variants. The models can be found at [HuggingFace](https://huggingface.co/collections/tencent/hunyuan-dense-model-6890632cda26b19119c9c5e7). This guide shows how to fine-tune it with Axolotl with multi-turn conversations and proper masking.
+
+## Getting started
+
+1. Install Axolotl following the [installation guide](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/installation.html). You need to install from main as HunYuan is only on nightly or use our latest [Docker images](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/docker.html).
+
+    Here is an example of how to install from main for pip:
+
+```bash
+# Ensure you have Pytorch installed (Pytorch 2.6.0 min)
+git clone https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/axolotl.git
+cd axolotl
+
+pip3 install packaging==23.2 setuptools==75.8.0 wheel ninja
+pip3 install --no-build-isolation -e '.[flash-attn]'
+
+# Install CCE https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/custom_integrations.html#cut-cross-entropy
+python scripts/cutcrossentropy_install.py | sh
+```
+
+2. Run the finetuning example:
+
+```bash
+axolotl train examples/hunyuan/hunyuan-v1-dense-qlora.yaml
+```
+
+This config uses about 4.7 GB VRAM.
+
+Let us know how it goes. Happy finetuning! 🚀
+
+### Dataset
+
+HunYuan Instruct models can choose to enter a slow think or fast think pattern. For best performance on fine-tuning their Instruct models, your dataset should be adjusted to match their pattern.
+
+```python
+# fast think pattern
+messages = [
+    {"role": "system", "content": "You are a helpful assistant."},
+    {"role": "user", "content": "/no_think What color is the sun?" },
+    {"role": "assistant", "content": "<think>\n\n</think>\n<answer>\nThe sun is yellow.\n</answer>"}
+]
+
+# slow think pattern
+messages = [
+    {"role": "system", "content": "You are a helpful assistant."},
+    {"role": "user", "content": "/no_think What color is the sun?" },
+    {"role": "assistant", "content": "<think>\nThe user is asking about the color of the sun. I need to ...\n</think>\n<answer>\nThe sun is yellow.\n</answer>"}
+]
+```
+
+### TIPS
+
+- For inference, the official Tencent team recommends
+
+```json
+
+{
+  "do_sample": true,
+  "top_k": 20,
+  "top_p": 0.8,
+  "repetition_penalty": 1.05,
+  "temperature": 0.7
+}
+
+```
+
+- You can run a full finetuning by removing the `adapter: qlora` and `load_in_4bit: true` from the config.
+- Read more on how to load your own dataset at [docs](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/dataset_loading.html).
+- The dataset format follows the OpenAI Messages format as seen [here](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/dataset-formats/conversation.html#chat_template).
+
+## Optimization Guides
+
+- [Multi-GPU Training](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/multi-gpu.html)
+- [Multi-Node Training](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/multi-node.html)
+- [LoRA Optimizations](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/lora_optims.html)
+
+## Related Resources
+
+- [Tencent HunYuan Blog](https://hunyuan.tencent.com/)
+- [Axolotl Docs](https://docs.axolotl.ai)
+- [Axolotl Website](https://axolotl.ai)
+- [Axolotl GitHub](https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/axolotl)
+- [Axolotl Discord](https://discord.gg/7m9sfhzaf3)

examples/hunyuan/hunyuan-v1-dense-qlora.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+base_model: tencent/Hunyuan-0.5B-Instruct
+
+# Automatically upload checkpoint and final model to HF
+# hub_model_id: username/custom_model_name
+
+plugins:
+  - axolotl.integrations.cut_cross_entropy.CutCrossEntropyPlugin
+
+load_in_8bit: false
+load_in_4bit: true
+
+datasets:
+  - path: fozziethebeat/alpaca_messages_2k_test
+    type: chat_template
+
+dataset_prepared_path: last_run_prepared
+val_set_size: 0.1
+output_dir: ./outputs/lora-out
+
+adapter: qlora
+lora_model_dir:
+
+sequence_len: 2048
+sample_packing: true
+
+lora_r: 32
+lora_alpha: 16
+lora_dropout: 0.05
+lora_target_linear: true
+lora_target_modules:
+  - gate_proj
+  - down_proj
+  - up_proj
+  - q_proj
+  - v_proj
+  - k_proj
+  - o_proj
+
+wandb_project:
+wandb_entity:
+wandb_watch:
+wandb_name:
+wandb_log_model:
+
+gradient_accumulation_steps: 4
+micro_batch_size: 2
+num_epochs: 1
+optimizer: adamw_bnb_8bit
+lr_scheduler: cosine
+learning_rate: 0.0002
+
+bf16: auto
+tf32: false
+
+gradient_checkpointing: true
+resume_from_checkpoint:
+logging_steps: 1
+flash_attention: true
+
+warmup_ratio: 0.1
+evals_per_epoch: 1
+saves_per_epoch: 1
+
+# save_first_step: true  # uncomment this to validate checkpoint saving works with your config

examples/llama-3/3b-qat-fsdp2.yaml

@@ -15,20 +15,18 @@ liger_glu_activation: true
 liger_layer_norm: true
 liger_fused_linear_cross_entropy: true
 
+
 datasets:
   - path: yahma/alpaca-cleaned
     type: alpaca
+    split: train[:95%]
 
 output_dir: ./outputs/qat_out/
+dataset_prepared_path: ./outputs/qat_out/dataset_prepared
 
-sample_packing: true
+sample_packing: false
-
+sequence_len: 8192
-sequence_len: 512
+flash_attention: true
-
-flex_attention: true
-flex_attn_compile_kwargs:
-  dynamic: false
-  mode: max-autotune-no-cudagraphs
 
 qat:
   activation_dtype: int8
@@ -67,7 +65,7 @@ fsdp:
 fsdp_config:
   fsdp_version: 2
   fsdp_offload_params: false
-  fsdp_cpu_ram_efficient_loading: true
+  fsdp_cpu_ram_efficient_loading: false
   fsdp_auto_wrap_policy: TRANSFORMER_BASED_WRAP
   fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: LlamaDecoderLayer
   fsdp_state_dict_type: FULL_STATE_DICT
@@ -76,6 +74,6 @@ fsdp_config:
   fsdp_activation_checkpointing: true
 
 special_tokens:
-  pad_token: <|end_of_text|>
+  pad_token: <|finetune_right_pad_id|>
 
 # save_first_step: true  # uncomment this to validate checkpoint saving works with your config

examples/llama-3/3b-qat-nvfp4.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+base_model: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-3B
+# Automatically upload checkpoint and final model to HF
+# hub_model_id: username/custom_model_name
+
+load_in_8bit: false
+load_in_4bit: false
+strict: false
+
+plugins:
+  - axolotl.integrations.liger.LigerPlugin
+
+liger_rope: true
+liger_rms_norm: true
+liger_glu_activation: true
+liger_layer_norm: true
+liger_fused_linear_cross_entropy: true
+
+datasets:
+  - path: yahma/alpaca-cleaned
+    type: alpaca
+    split: train[:95%]
+
+output_dir: ./outputs/qat_out/
+dataset_prepared_path: ./outputs/dataset_prepared
+
+sequence_len: 8192
+flash_attention: true
+
+qat:
+  activation_dtype: nvfp4
+  weight_dtype: nvfp4
+  group_size: 16 # only group_size of 16 is supported with nvfp4
+
+wandb_project:
+wandb_entity:
+wandb_watch:
+wandb_name:
+wandb_log_model:
+
+gradient_checkpointing: true
+gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
+micro_batch_size: 64
+num_epochs: 1
+optimizer: adamw_torch_fused
+
+cosine_constant_lr_ratio: 0
+cosine_min_lr_ratio: 1.0
+learning_rate: 2e-5
+save_only_model: true
+bf16: true
+
+resume_from_checkpoint:
+logging_steps: 1
+
+evals_per_epoch: 1
+saves_per_epoch: 1
+
+warmup_ratio: 0.1
+weight_decay: 0.0
+
+special_tokens:
+  pad_token: <|finetune_right_pad_id|>
+
+# save_first_step: true  # uncomment this to validate checkpoint saving works with your config

examples/llama-3/diffusion/pretrain-1b.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+base_model: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
+# Automatically upload checkpoint and final model to HF
+# hub_model_id: username/custom_model_name
+
+pretraining_dataset:
+  - path: wikitext
+    name: wikitext-103-raw-v1
+    type: completion
+    field: text
+
+plugins:
+  - axolotl.integrations.diffusion.DiffusionPlugin
+
+diffusion:
+  noise_schedule: cosine
+  min_mask_ratio: 0.15
+  max_mask_ratio: 0.85
+  num_diffusion_steps: 128
+  eps: 5e-4
+  importance_weighting: true
+  mask_token_id: 128002
+  generate_samples: true
+  generation_interval: 250
+
+output_dir: ./outputs/model-out
+
+sequence_len: 512
+sample_packing: true
+
+gradient_accumulation_steps: 8
+micro_batch_size: 4
+max_steps: 10000
+warmup_ratio: 0.1
+
+optimizer: adamw_8bit
+lr_scheduler: cosine
+learning_rate: 3e-4
+sdp_attention: true
+
+bf16: auto
+tf32: true
+
+logging_steps: 1
+save_strategy: steps
+save_steps: 1000
+
+special_tokens:
+  pad_token: "<|end_of_text|>"
+
+wandb_project:
+wandb_entity:
+wandb_watch:
+wandb_name:
+wandb_log_model:
+
+# save_first_step: true  # uncomment this to validate checkpoint saving works with your config

examples/llama-3/diffusion/sft-1b.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+base_model: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
+# Automatically upload checkpoint and final model to HF
+# hub_model_id: username/custom_model_name
+
+datasets:
+  - path: teknium/GPT4-LLM-Cleaned
+    type: alpaca
+val_set_size: 0.05
+
+plugins:
+  - axolotl.integrations.diffusion.DiffusionPlugin
+
+diffusion:
+  noise_schedule: cosine
+  min_mask_ratio: 0.1
+  max_mask_ratio: 0.9
+  num_diffusion_steps: 128
+  eps: 1e-3
+  importance_weighting: true
+  mask_token_id: 128002
+  generate_samples: true
+  generation_interval: 250
+
+output_dir: ./outputs/model-out
+
+sequence_len: 512
+sample_packing: true
+eval_sample_packing: true
+
+gradient_accumulation_steps: 4
+micro_batch_size: 4
+num_epochs: 1
+warmup_steps: 0.1
+
+optimizer: adamw_8bit
+lr_scheduler: cosine
+learning_rate: 1e-5
+
+bf16: auto
+tf32: true
+
+gradient_checkpointing: true
+resume_from_checkpoint:
+sdp_attention: true
+
+logging_steps: 1
+save_strategy: best
+eval_strategy: epoch
+
+special_tokens:
+  pad_token: "<|end_of_text|>"
+
+wandb_project:
+wandb_entity:
+wandb_watch:
+wandb_name:
+wandb_log_model:
+
+# save_first_step: true  # uncomment this to validate checkpoint saving works with your config

examples/magistral/README.md

@@ -18,7 +18,13 @@ pip3 install packaging==23.2 setuptools==75.8.0 wheel ninja
 pip3 install --no-build-isolation 'axolotl[flash-attn]>=0.12.0'
 ```
 
-2. Run the finetuning example:
+2. Install [Cut Cross Entropy](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/custom_integrations.html#cut-cross-entropy) to reduce training VRAM usage
+
+```bash
+python scripts/cutcrossentropy_install.py | sh
+```
+
+3. Run the finetuning example:
 
 ```bash
 axolotl train examples/magistral/magistral-small-qlora.yaml

examples/moe/qwen2-moe-qlora-10gb.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+base_model: Qwen/Qwen1.5-MoE-A2.7B
+model_type: AutoModelForCausalLM
+tokenizer_type: AutoTokenizer
+trust_remote_code: true
+
+# Keep VRAM low
+load_in_8bit: false
+load_in_4bit: true
+
+datasets:
+  - path: mhenrichsen/alpaca_2k_test
+    type: alpaca
+dataset_prepared_path: last_run_prepared
+val_set_size: 0.05
+output_dir: ./outputs/qwen2-moe-qlora-10gb
+
+# Train small to fit 10GB
+sequence_len: 512
+sample_packing: false
+pad_to_sequence_len: false
+
+adapter: qlora
+lora_r: 32
+lora_alpha: 16
+lora_dropout: 0.05
+lora_target_linear: true
+
+gradient_accumulation_steps: 8
+micro_batch_size: 1
+num_epochs: 1
+optimizer: paged_adamw_8bit
+lr_scheduler: cosine
+learning_rate: 0.0002
+
+bf16: auto
+tf32: true
+
+gradient_checkpointing: true
+gradient_checkpointing_kwargs:
+  use_reentrant: false
+resume_from_checkpoint:
+logging_steps: 5
+flash_attention: true
+
+warmup_ratio: 0.03
+evals_per_epoch: 2
+saves_per_epoch: 1
+weight_decay: 0.0
+
+model_config:
+  output_router_logits: true
+
+special_tokens:

examples/qwen3/reward-model.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+base_model: Skywork/Skywork-Reward-V2-Qwen3-8B
+model_type: AutoModelForSequenceClassification
+num_labels: 1
+
+reward_model: true
+center_rewards_coefficient: 0.01  # Incentivize mean-zero rewards for improved stability
+chat_template: qwen3
+datasets:
+  - path: argilla/distilabel-intel-orca-dpo-pairs
+    type: bradley_terry.chat_template
+
+val_set_size: 0.0
+output_dir: ./outputs/out
+
+sequence_len: 8192
+sample_packing: false
+eval_sample_packing: false
+pad_to_sequence_len: true
+
+deepspeed: deepspeed_configs/zero1.json
+
+wandb_project:
+wandb_entity:
+wandb_watch:
+wandb_name:
+wandb_log_model:
+
+gradient_accumulation_steps: 4
+micro_batch_size: 1
+eval_batch_size: 1
+num_epochs: 3
+optimizer: adamw_bnb_8bit
+lr_scheduler: linear
+learning_rate: 0.00002
+
+bf16: true
+tf32: true
+
+gradient_checkpointing: true
+gradient_checkpointing_kwargs:
+  use_reentrant: false
+warmup_ratio: 0.1
+logging_steps: 1
+weight_decay: 0.01

examples/seed-oss/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# Finetune ByteDance's Seed-OSS with Axolotl
+
+[Seed-OSS](https://huggingface.co/collections/ByteDance-Seed/seed-oss-68a609f4201e788db05b5dcd) are a series of 36B parameter open source models trained by ByteDance's Seed Team.
+
+This guide shows how to fine-tune it with Axolotl with multi-turn conversations and proper masking.
+
+## Getting started
+
+1. Install Axolotl following the [installation guide](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/installation.html). You need to install from main as Seed-OSS is only on nightly or use our latest [Docker images](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/docker.html).
+
+    Here is an example of how to install from main for pip:
+
+```bash
+# Ensure you have Pytorch installed (Pytorch 2.6.0 min)
+git clone https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/axolotl.git
+cd axolotl
+
+pip3 install packaging==23.2 setuptools==75.8.0 wheel ninja
+pip3 install --no-build-isolation -e '.[flash-attn]'
+
+# Install Cut Cross Entropy
+python scripts/cutcrossentropy_install.py | sh
+```
+
+2. Run the finetuning example:
+
+```bash
+axolotl train examples/seed-oss/seed-oss-36b-qlora.yaml
+```
+
+This config uses about 27.7 GiB VRAM.
+
+Let us know how it goes. Happy finetuning! 🚀
+
+### TIPS
+
+- For inference, the official Seed Team recommends `top_p=0.95` and `temperature=1.1`.
+- You can run a full finetuning by removing the `adapter: qlora` and `load_in_4bit: true` from the config.
+- Read more on how to load your own dataset at [docs](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/dataset_loading.html).
+- The dataset format follows the OpenAI Messages format as seen [here](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/dataset-formats/conversation.html#chat_template).
+
+## Optimization Guides
+
+- [Multi-GPU Training](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/multi-gpu.html)
+- [Multi-Node Training](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/multi-node.html)
+- [LoRA Optimizations](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/lora_optims.html)
+
+## Related Resources
+
+- [ByteDance Seed Website](https://seed.bytedance.com/)
+- [Axolotl Docs](https://docs.axolotl.ai)
+- [Axolotl Website](https://axolotl.ai)
+- [Axolotl GitHub](https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/axolotl)
+- [Axolotl Discord](https://discord.gg/7m9sfhzaf3)

examples/seed-oss/seed-oss-36b-qlora.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+base_model: ByteDance-Seed/Seed-OSS-36B-Instruct
+
+# Automatically upload checkpoint and final model to HF
+# hub_model_id: username/custom_model_name
+
+plugins:
+  - axolotl.integrations.cut_cross_entropy.CutCrossEntropyPlugin
+
+load_in_8bit: false
+load_in_4bit: true
+
+datasets:
+  - path: fozziethebeat/alpaca_messages_2k_test
+    type: chat_template
+
+dataset_prepared_path: last_run_prepared
+val_set_size: 0.1
+output_dir: ./outputs/lora-out
+
+adapter: qlora
+lora_model_dir:
+
+sequence_len: 2048
+sample_packing: true
+
+lora_r: 32
+lora_alpha: 16
+lora_dropout: 0.05
+lora_target_linear: true
+
+wandb_project:
+wandb_entity:
+wandb_watch:
+wandb_name:
+wandb_log_model:
+
+gradient_accumulation_steps: 4
+micro_batch_size: 2
+num_epochs: 1
+optimizer: adamw_bnb_8bit
+lr_scheduler: cosine
+learning_rate: 0.0002
+
+bf16: auto
+tf32: false
+
+gradient_checkpointing: true
+resume_from_checkpoint:
+logging_steps: 1
+flash_attention: true
+
+warmup_ratio: 0.1
+evals_per_epoch: 1
+saves_per_epoch: 1
+
+# save_first_step: true  # uncomment this to validate checkpoint saving works with your config

examples/streaming/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Streaming Dataset Examples
+
+This directory contains example configurations for using Axolotl's streaming dataset
+functionality, which enables memory-efficient training with large datasets.
+
+## Examples
+
+Run the following examples with e.g. `axolotl train examples/streaming/sft.yaml`; no
+`axolotl preprocess` required!
+
+### Pretraining (`pretrain.yaml`)
+
+Demonstrates streaming configuration for pretraining tasks using the fineweb-edu dataset
+with SmolLM2-135M.
+
+- Uses `pretraining_dataset` configuration for automatic streaming
+- Multipack attention control to prevent cross-attention between packed sequences
+- Buffer size configuration for memory management
+
+### SFT (`sft.yaml`)
+
+Shows how to use streaming for supervised fine-tuning with the Alpaca dataset.
+
+- Explicit `streaming: true` flag for SFT datasets
+- Memory-efficient training on instruction datasets
+- Evaluation datasets are currently not streamed
+
+## Key Configuration Options
+
+### `streaming`
+- Enables streaming mode for standard datasets
+- Automatically enabled for `pretraining_dataset`
+
+### `streaming_multipack_buffer_size`
+- Controls buffer size for sample packing (default: 10,000)
+- Larger values improve packing efficiency but use more memory
+- Adjust based on available memory
+
+### `shuffle_merged_datasets`
+- Enables shuffling of streaming datasets
+- Requires additional memory for shuffle buffer
+
+### `sample_packing`
+- Packs multiple samples into single sequences
+- Minimize per-step padding tokens
+
+## Performance Tips
+
+- Download small / frequently-used datasets locally for better performance
+- Larger buffer sizes improve packing efficiency

examples/streaming/pretrain.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+base_model: HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-135M
+
+# Streaming pretraining configuration
+pretraining_dataset:
+  - path: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
+    name: sample-10BT
+    type: pretrain
+    text_column: text
+    split: train
+
+# Streaming-specific settings
+streaming_multipack_buffer_size: 10000
+shuffle_merged_datasets: true
+
+# Training configuration
+max_steps: 1000
+output_dir: ./outputs/smollm2-135m-pretrain-streaming
+
+# Sequence and packing settings
+sequence_len: 1024
+sample_packing: true
+pretrain_multipack_attn: true  # Prevent cross-attention between packed sequences
+flash_attention: true
+
+# Batch size settings
+gradient_accumulation_steps: 8
+micro_batch_size: 1
+
+# Optimizer and scheduler
+optimizer: adamw_torch
+lr_scheduler: cosine
+learning_rate: 5e-4
+warmup_ratio: 0.1
+weight_decay: 0.01
+
+# Precision and performance
+bf16: auto
+tf32: true
+
+# Logging and checkpointing
+logging_steps: 10
+save_strategy: steps
+save_steps: 250
+save_total_limit: 3
+
+# Weights & Biases (optional)
+wandb_project:
+wandb_entity:
+wandb_watch:
+wandb_name:
+wandb_log_model:
+
+# Special tokens
+special_tokens:
+  pad_token: "<|endoftext|>"
+
+# save_first_step: true  # uncomment this to validate checkpoint saving works with your config

examples/streaming/sft.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+base_model: HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-135M
+
+# Dataset configuration
+datasets:
+  - path: tatsu-lab/alpaca
+    type: alpaca
+    split: train
+
+# Streaming-specific settings
+streaming: true
+streaming_multipack_buffer_size: 10000
+shuffle_merged_datasets: true
+
+# Training configuration
+max_steps: 1000
+output_dir: ./outputs/smollm2-135m-sft-streaming
+
+# Sequence and packing settings
+sequence_len: 1024
+sample_packing: true
+flash_attention: true
+
+# Batch size settings
+gradient_accumulation_steps: 4
+micro_batch_size: 1
+
+# Optimizer and scheduler
+optimizer: adamw_torch
+lr_scheduler: cosine
+learning_rate: 2e-4
+warmup_ratio: 0.1
+weight_decay: 0.0
+
+# Precision and performance
+bf16: auto
+tf32: true
+
+# Logging and checkpointing
+logging_steps: 10
+save_strategy: steps
+save_steps: 100
+save_total_limit: 3
+
+# Weights & Biases (optional)
+wandb_project:
+wandb_entity:
+wandb_watch:
+wandb_name:
+wandb_log_model:
+
+# Special tokens
+special_tokens:
+  pad_token: "<|endoftext|>"
+
+# save_first_step: true  # uncomment this to validate checkpoint saving works with your config

examples/voxtral/README.md

@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ pip3 install --no-build-isolation 'axolotl[flash-attn]>=0.12.0'
 # audio
 pip3 install librosa==0.11.0
 pip3 install 'mistral_common[audio]==1.8.3'
+
+# Install CCE https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/custom_integrations.html#cut-cross-entropy
+python scripts/cutcrossentropy_install.py | sh
 ```
 
 3. Run the finetuning example:

pyproject.toml

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ line-length = 88
 target-version = "py310"
 
 [tool.ruff.lint]
-select = ["E", "F", "W", "C90", "B"]
+select = ["E", "F", "W", "C90", "B", "I"]
 ignore = [
     "E203",  # Whitespace before ':'
     "E501",  # Line too long

requirements.txt

@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 
 # START section of dependencies that don't install on Darwin/MacOS
 bitsandbytes==0.47.0
-# triton 3.4.0 is not compatible with CCE
+triton>=3.0.0
-triton>=3.0.0,<3.4.0
 mamba-ssm==1.2.0.post1
 xformers>=0.0.23.post1
 autoawq==0.2.7.post3
@@ -14,12 +13,12 @@ packaging==23.2
 
 huggingface_hub>=0.33.0
 peft>=0.17.0
-transformers==4.55.3
+transformers==4.56.1
 tokenizers>=0.21.1
-accelerate==1.10.0
+accelerate==1.10.1
 datasets==4.0.0
 deepspeed>=0.17.0
-trl==0.21.0
+trl==0.23.0
 hf_xet==1.1.5
 kernels==0.9.0
 trackio
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ langdetect==1.0.9
 immutabledict==4.2.0
 antlr4-python3-runtime==4.13.2
 
-torchao==0.12.0
+torchao==0.13.0
 schedulefree==1.4.1
 
 axolotl-contribs-lgpl==0.0.6

scripts/bench_moe.py

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+"""Benchmark Hugging Face Qwen2 MoE block with and without grouped_mm."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import sys
+import time
+import weakref
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import torch
+import torch._dynamo as dynamo
+
+try:
+    from axolotl.kernels.moe import torch_grouped as tg
+except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+    tg = None
+
+
+def bench(run, *, iters: int, warmup: int, sync: bool = True) -> float:
+    device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
+    for _ in range(warmup):
+        run()
+        if sync and device.type == "cuda":
+            torch.cuda.synchronize()
+    times = []
+    for _ in range(iters):
+        if sync and device.type == "cuda":
+            torch.cuda.synchronize()
+        start = time.perf_counter()
+        run()
+        if sync and device.type == "cuda":
+            torch.cuda.synchronize()
+        times.append((time.perf_counter() - start) * 1000.0)
+    return sum(times) / len(times)
+
+
+def estimate_moe_flops(tokens: int, hidden: int, inter: int, top_k: int) -> float:
+    return 6.0 * tokens * top_k * hidden * inter
+
+
+def load_hf_block(
+    hidden: int,
+    inter: int,
+    experts: int,
+    top_k: int,
+    *,
+    device: torch.device,
+    dtype: torch.dtype,
+):
+    project_root = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
+    transformers_src = project_root / "transformers" / "src"
+    if transformers_src.exists() and str(transformers_src) not in sys.path:
+        sys.path.append(str(transformers_src))
+
+    from transformers.models.qwen2_moe.configuration_qwen2_moe import Qwen2MoeConfig
+    from transformers.models.qwen2_moe.modeling_qwen2_moe import Qwen2MoeSparseMoeBlock
+
+    cfg = Qwen2MoeConfig(
+        hidden_size=hidden,
+        moe_intermediate_size=inter,
+        shared_expert_intermediate_size=inter,
+        num_experts=experts,
+        num_experts_per_tok=top_k,
+        norm_topk_prob=True,
+        qkv_bias=True,
+    )
+
+    block = Qwen2MoeSparseMoeBlock(cfg).to(device=device, dtype=dtype)
+    block_grouped = Qwen2MoeSparseMoeBlock(cfg).to(device=device, dtype=dtype)
+    block_grouped.load_state_dict(block.state_dict())
+    return block, block_grouped
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    p = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Qwen2 MoE grouped_mm benchmark")
+    p.add_argument("--bsz", type=int, default=8)
+    p.add_argument("--seq", type=int, default=1024)
+    p.add_argument("--hidden", type=int, default=4096)
+    p.add_argument("--inter", type=int, default=14336)
+    p.add_argument("--experts", type=int, default=32)
+    p.add_argument("--top_k", type=int, default=4)
+    p.add_argument("--dtype", choices=["bf16", "fp16", "fp32"], default="bf16")
+    p.add_argument("--iters", type=int, default=50)
+    p.add_argument("--warmup", type=int, default=10)
+    p.add_argument("--profile", action="store_true")
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--compile",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Torch.compile both paths before benchmarking",
+    )
+    args = p.parse_args()
+
+    device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
+    dtype = {
+        "bf16": torch.bfloat16,
+        "fp16": torch.float16,
+        "fp32": torch.float32,
+    }[args.dtype]
+
+    torch.manual_seed(0)
+    if device.type == "cuda":
+        torch.cuda.manual_seed(0)
+
+    block_naive, block_grouped = load_hf_block(
+        args.hidden,
+        args.inter,
+        args.experts,
+        args.top_k,
+        device=device,
+        dtype=dtype,
+    )
+
+    tokens = args.bsz * args.seq
+    flops_total = estimate_moe_flops(tokens, args.hidden, args.inter, args.top_k)
+    print(
+        f"Device={device} dtype={dtype} tokens={tokens} hidden={args.hidden} inter={args.inter} "
+        f"experts={args.experts} top_k={args.top_k}"
+    )
+
+    x = torch.randn(args.bsz, args.seq, args.hidden, device=device, dtype=dtype)
+
+    # Optional torch.compile
+    run_grouped_impl = None
+    if args.compile:
+        dynamo.config.capture_scalar_outputs = True
+        dynamo.config.allow_unspec_int_on_nn_module = True
+        try:
+            block_naive = torch.compile(block_naive)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+            print(f"torch.compile naive failed ({exc}); using eager")
+        else:
+
+            def grouped_forward(inp, *, block=block_grouped):
+                block.experts._ax_parent_block_ref = weakref.ref(block)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                y, _ = tg.moe_ffn_forward_grouped(
+                    inp, block.gate, block.experts, block.top_k
+                )
+                return y
+
+            try:
+                run_grouped_impl = torch.compile(grouped_forward)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+                print(f"torch.compile grouped failed ({exc}); using eager")
+                run_grouped_impl = None
+
+    def run_naive(block=block_naive, data=x):
+        y, _ = block(data)
+        return y
+
+    def run_grouped(block=block_grouped, data=x, impl=run_grouped_impl):
+        if impl is not None:
+            return impl(data)
+        if tg is None or not tg.available():
+            return torch.empty(0)
+        block.experts._ax_parent_block_ref = weakref.ref(block)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        y, _ = tg.moe_ffn_forward_grouped(data, block.gate, block.experts, block.top_k)
+        return y if y is not None else torch.empty(0)
+
+    t_naive = bench(run_naive, iters=args.iters, warmup=args.warmup)
+    tflops_naive = flops_total / ((t_naive / 1000.0) * 1e12)
+    print(
+        f"naive\t{t_naive:.2f} ms\t{tokens / (t_naive / 1000.0):.1f} tok/s\t{tflops_naive:.2f} TFLOP/s"
+    )
+
+    with torch.no_grad():
+        y_ref = run_naive()
+
+    if tg is None or not tg.available():
+        print("torch_grouped\tN/A (unavailable)")
+        return
+
+    y_grouped = run_grouped()
+    if y_grouped.numel() == 0:
+        print("torch_grouped\tN/A (op not callable)")
+        return
+
+    t_grouped = bench(run_grouped, iters=args.iters, warmup=args.warmup)
+    tflops_grouped = flops_total / ((t_grouped / 1000.0) * 1e12)
+    speedup = t_naive / t_grouped
+    print(
+        f"torch_grouped\t{t_grouped:.2f} ms\t{tokens / (t_grouped / 1000.0):.1f} tok/s\t"
+        f"{tflops_grouped:.2f} TFLOP/s\t{speedup:.2f}×"
+    )
+
+    diff = (y_ref.float() - y_grouped.float()).abs()
+    print(
+        "torch_grouped_check: "
+        f"max_abs={diff.max().item():.3e} mean_abs={diff.mean().item():.3e} "
+        f"rel_l2={(diff.pow(2).sum() / (y_ref.float().pow(2).sum() + 1e-12)).sqrt().item():.3e}"
+    )
+
+    if args.profile:
+        with torch.profiler.profile(
+            activities=[torch.profiler.ProfilerActivity.CUDA], record_shapes=True
+        ) as prof:
+            run_naive()
+        print(prof.key_averages().table(sort_by="cuda_time_total", row_limit=20))
+
+        with torch.profiler.profile(
+            activities=[torch.profiler.ProfilerActivity.CUDA], record_shapes=True
+        ) as prof:
+            run_grouped()
+        print(prof.key_averages().table(sort_by="cuda_time_total", row_limit=20))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

scripts/bench_moe_sweep.py

@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+"""Sweep grouped_mm vs naive performance for Qwen2 MoE block."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import csv
+import sys
+import time
+import weakref
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import List
+
+import torch
+import torch._dynamo as dynamo
+
+try:
+    from axolotl.kernels.moe import torch_grouped as tg
+except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+    tg = None
+
+
+def _parse_list(arg: str) -> List[int]:
+    return [int(v) for v in arg.split(",") if v]
+
+
+def _bench(run, *, iters: int, warmup: int, device: torch.device) -> float:
+    for _ in range(warmup):
+        run()
+        if device.type == "cuda":
+            torch.cuda.synchronize()
+    times: List[float] = []
+    for _ in range(iters):
+        if device.type == "cuda":
+            torch.cuda.synchronize()
+        start = time.perf_counter()
+        run()
+        if device.type == "cuda":
+            torch.cuda.synchronize()
+        times.append((time.perf_counter() - start) * 1000.0)
+    return sum(times) / len(times)
+
+
+def _estimate_flops(tokens: int, hidden: int, inter: int, top_k: int) -> float:
+    return 6.0 * tokens * top_k * hidden * inter
+
+
+def _load_block(
+    hidden: int,
+    inter: int,
+    experts: int,
+    top_k: int,
+    *,
+    device: torch.device,
+    dtype: torch.dtype,
+):
+    project_root = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
+    transformers_src = project_root / "transformers" / "src"
+    if transformers_src.exists() and str(transformers_src) not in sys.path:
+        sys.path.append(str(transformers_src))
+
+    from transformers.models.qwen2_moe.configuration_qwen2_moe import Qwen2MoeConfig
+    from transformers.models.qwen2_moe.modeling_qwen2_moe import Qwen2MoeSparseMoeBlock
+
+    cfg = Qwen2MoeConfig(
+        hidden_size=hidden,
+        moe_intermediate_size=inter,
+        shared_expert_intermediate_size=inter,
+        num_experts=experts,
+        num_experts_per_tok=top_k,
+        norm_topk_prob=True,
+        qkv_bias=True,
+    )
+
+    block = Qwen2MoeSparseMoeBlock(cfg).to(device=device, dtype=dtype)
+    block_grouped = Qwen2MoeSparseMoeBlock(cfg).to(device=device, dtype=dtype)
+    block_grouped.load_state_dict(block.state_dict())
+    return block, block_grouped
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Result:
+    bsz: int
+    seq: int
+    hidden: int
+    inter: int
+    experts: int
+    top_k: int
+    dtype: str
+    naive_ms: float
+    grouped_ms: float
+    speedup: float
+    naive_tflops: float
+    grouped_tflops: float
+    max_abs: float
+    mean_abs: float
+    rel_l2: float
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    p = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Grouped MoE sweep")
+    p.add_argument("--batch-sizes", default="4,8,16")
+    p.add_argument("--seq-lens", default="512,1024,2048")
+    p.add_argument("--hidden", default="2048,4096")
+    p.add_argument("--inter", default="5632,8192,14336")
+    p.add_argument("--experts", default="8,16,32")
+    p.add_argument("--top-k", default="1,2,4")
+    p.add_argument("--dtype", choices=["bf16", "fp16", "fp32"], default="bf16")
+    p.add_argument("--iters", type=int, default=25)
+    p.add_argument("--warmup", type=int, default=5)
+    p.add_argument("--csv", type=Path, default=None)
+    p.add_argument("--compile", action="store_true")
+    args = p.parse_args()
+
+    device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
+    dtype = {
+        "bf16": torch.bfloat16,
+        "fp16": torch.float16,
+        "fp32": torch.float32,
+    }[args.dtype]
+
+    if tg is None or not tg.available():
+        print("torch_grouped unavailable; sweep aborted")
+        return
+
+    bs_list = _parse_list(args.batch_sizes)
+    seq_list = _parse_list(args.seq_lens)
+    hidden_list = _parse_list(args.hidden)
+    inter_list = _parse_list(args.inter)
+    expert_list = _parse_list(args.experts)
+    topk_list = _parse_list(args.top_k)
+
+    results: List[Result] = []
+
+    print(
+        "bsz\tseq\thidden\tinter\texperts\ttop_k\tnaive(ms)\tgrouped(ms)\tspeedup\t"
+        "naive TF/s\tgrouped TF/s\tmax_abs\tmean_abs\trel_l2"
+    )
+
+    for bsz in bs_list:
+        for seq in seq_list:
+            tokens = bsz * seq
+            for hidden in hidden_list:
+                for inter in inter_list:
+                    for experts in expert_list:
+                        for top_k in topk_list:
+                            torch.manual_seed(0)
+                            if device.type == "cuda":
+                                torch.cuda.manual_seed(0)
+
+                            block_naive, block_grouped = _load_block(
+                                hidden,
+                                inter,
+                                experts,
+                                top_k,
+                                device=device,
+                                dtype=dtype,
+                            )
+
+                            x = torch.randn(
+                                bsz, seq, hidden, device=device, dtype=dtype
+                            )
+
+                            compiled_impl = None
+                            if args.compile:
+                                dynamo.config.capture_scalar_outputs = True
+                                dynamo.config.allow_unspec_int_on_nn_module = True
+                                try:
+                                    block_naive = torch.compile(block_naive)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                                except Exception as exc:
+                                    print(
+                                        f"torch.compile naive failed ({exc}); using eager"
+                                    )
+                                else:
+
+                                    def grouped_forward(inp, *, block=block_grouped):
+                                        block.experts._ax_parent_block_ref = (
+                                            weakref.ref(block)
+                                        )  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                                        y, _ = tg.moe_ffn_forward_grouped(
+                                            inp,
+                                            block.gate,
+                                            block.experts,
+                                            block.top_k,
+                                        )
+                                        return y
+
+                                    try:
+                                        compiled_impl = torch.compile(grouped_forward)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                                    except Exception as exc:
+                                        print(
+                                            f"torch.compile grouped failed ({exc}); using eager"
+                                        )
+                                        compiled_impl = None
+
+                            def run_naive(block=block_naive, data=x):
+                                y, _ = block(data)
+                                return y
+
+                            def run_grouped(
+                                block=block_grouped, data=x, impl=compiled_impl
+                            ):
+                                if impl is not None:
+                                    return impl(data)
+                                block.experts._ax_parent_block_ref = weakref.ref(block)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                                y, _ = tg.moe_ffn_forward_grouped(
+                                    data,
+                                    block.gate,
+                                    block.experts,
+                                    block.top_k,
+                                )
+                                return y
+
+                            naive_ms = _bench(
+                                run_naive,
+                                iters=args.iters,
+                                warmup=args.warmup,
+                                device=device,
+                            )
+                            y_naive = run_naive()
+
+                            grouped_ms = _bench(
+                                run_grouped,
+                                iters=args.iters,
+                                warmup=args.warmup,
+                                device=device,
+                            )
+                            y_grouped = run_grouped()
+
+                            diff = (y_naive.float() - y_grouped.float()).abs()
+                            res = Result(
+                                bsz,
+                                seq,
+                                hidden,
+                                inter,
+                                experts,
+                                top_k,
+                                args.dtype,
+                                naive_ms,
+                                grouped_ms,
+                                naive_ms / grouped_ms,
+                                _estimate_flops(tokens, hidden, inter, top_k)
+                                / ((naive_ms / 1000.0) * 1e12),
+                                _estimate_flops(tokens, hidden, inter, top_k)
+                                / ((grouped_ms / 1000.0) * 1e12),
+                                diff.max().item(),
+                                diff.mean().item(),
+                                (
+                                    (
+                                        diff.pow(2).sum()
+                                        / (y_naive.float().pow(2).sum() + 1e-12)
+                                    )
+                                    .sqrt()
+                                    .item()
+                                ),
+                            )
+                            results.append(res)
+                            print(
+                                f"{bsz}\t{seq}\t{hidden}\t{inter}\t{experts}\t{top_k}\t{res.naive_ms:.2f}\t"
+                                f"{res.grouped_ms:.2f}\t{res.speedup:.2f}\t{res.naive_tflops:.2f}\t"
+                                f"{res.grouped_tflops:.2f}\t{res.max_abs:.2e}\t{res.mean_abs:.2e}\t{res.rel_l2:.2e}"
+                            )
+
+    if args.csv:
+        fieldnames = [
+            "bsz",
+            "seq",
+            "hidden",
+            "inter",
+            "experts",
+            "top_k",
+            "dtype",
+            "naive_ms",
+            "grouped_ms",
+            "speedup",
+            "naive_tflops",
+            "grouped_tflops",
+            "max_abs",
+            "mean_abs",
+            "rel_l2",
+        ]
+        with args.csv.open("w", newline="") as f:
+            writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=fieldnames)
+            writer.writeheader()
+            for r in results:
+                writer.writerow(
+                    {
+                        "bsz": r.bsz,
+                        "seq": r.seq,
+                        "hidden": r.hidden,
+                        "inter": r.inter,
+                        "experts": r.experts,
+                        "top_k": r.top_k,
+                        "dtype": r.dtype,
+                        "naive_ms": f"{r.naive_ms:.4f}",
+                        "grouped_ms": f"{r.grouped_ms:.4f}",
+                        "speedup": f"{r.speedup:.4f}",
+                        "naive_tflops": f"{r.naive_tflops:.4f}",
+                        "grouped_tflops": f"{r.grouped_tflops:.4f}",
+                        "max_abs": f"{r.max_abs:.6e}",
+                        "mean_abs": f"{r.mean_abs:.6e}",
+                        "rel_l2": f"{r.rel_l2:.6e}",
+                    }
+                )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import weakref
+
+    main()

scripts/bench_torchtitan_moe.py

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+"""Benchmark Torchtitan MoE grouped vs naive expert execution."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import sys
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import torch
+
+# Ensure torchtitan is importable when running from the axolotl tree
+_PROJECT_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
+_TITAN_PATH = _PROJECT_ROOT / "torchtitan"
+if str(_TITAN_PATH) not in sys.path:
+    sys.path.append(str(_TITAN_PATH))
+
+from torchtitan.models.moe import MoE, MoEArgs
+
+
+def _parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
+    p = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Torchtitan MoE microbenchmark")
+    p.add_argument("--bsz", type=int, default=8)
+    p.add_argument("--seq", type=int, default=1024)
+    p.add_argument("--hidden", type=int, default=4096)
+    p.add_argument("--inter", type=int, default=14336)
+    p.add_argument("--experts", type=int, default=8)
+    p.add_argument("--top_k", type=int, default=2)
+    p.add_argument("--dtype", choices=["bf16", "fp16", "fp32"], default="bf16")
+    p.add_argument("--iters", type=int, default=50)
+    p.add_argument("--warmup", type=int, default=10)
+    p.add_argument("--init-std", type=float, default=0.02)
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--score-before",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Apply routing scores before expert computation (default: after)",
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--score-func",
+        choices=["softmax", "sigmoid"],
+        default="softmax",
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--route-norm",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Enable Torchtitan router normalization when using sigmoid scores.",
+    )
+    return p.parse_args()
+
+
+def _map_dtype(arg: str) -> torch.dtype:
+    return {
+        "bf16": torch.bfloat16,
+        "fp16": torch.float16,
+        "fp32": torch.float32,
+    }[arg]
+
+
+def _estimate_moe_flops(tokens: int, hidden: int, inter: int, top_k: int) -> float:
+    # Two up projections + one down projection per expert/token combination.
+    return 6.0 * tokens * top_k * hidden * inter
+
+
+def _prepare_module(
+    moe: MoE,
+    *,
+    device: torch.device,
+    dtype: torch.dtype,
+) -> MoE:
+    moe = moe.to(device=device)
+    for param in moe.parameters():
+        param.data = param.data.to(dtype)
+        if param.grad is not None:
+            param.grad = None
+
+    buffers = dict(moe.named_buffers())
+    for name, buf in buffers.items():
+        if name == "tokens_per_expert":
+            moe._buffers[name] = torch.zeros_like(
+                buf, dtype=torch.float32, device=device
+            )
+        elif name == "expert_bias" and buf is not None:
+            moe._buffers[name] = torch.zeros_like(
+                buf, dtype=torch.float32, device=device
+            )
+        else:
+            moe._buffers[name] = buf.to(device=device, dtype=dtype)
+    moe.eval()
+    return moe
+
+
+@torch.inference_mode()
+def _forward_fn(module: MoE, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+    return module(x)
+
+
+def _bench(fn, *, iters: int, warmup: int, sync: bool = True) -> float:
+    device = torch.device("cuda") if torch.cuda.is_available() else torch.device("cpu")
+    for _ in range(warmup):
+        fn()
+        if sync and device.type == "cuda":
+            torch.cuda.synchronize()
+    times = []
+    for _ in range(iters):
+        if sync and device.type == "cuda":
+            torch.cuda.synchronize()
+        start = time.perf_counter()
+        fn()
+        if sync and device.type == "cuda":
+            torch.cuda.synchronize()
+        times.append((time.perf_counter() - start) * 1000.0)
+    return sum(times) / len(times)
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    args = _parse_args()
+    device = torch.device("cuda") if torch.cuda.is_available() else torch.device("cpu")
+    dtype = _map_dtype(args.dtype)
+
+    torch.manual_seed(0)
+    if device.type == "cuda":
+        torch.cuda.manual_seed(0)
+
+    moe_args_grouped = MoEArgs(
+        num_experts=args.experts,
+        num_shared_experts=0,
+        score_func=args.score_func,
+        route_norm=args.route_norm,
+        top_k=args.top_k,
+        use_grouped_mm=True,
+        score_before_experts=args.score_before,
+        load_balance_coeff=None,
+    )
+    moe_grouped = MoE(moe_args_grouped, dim=args.hidden, hidden_dim=args.inter)
+    moe_grouped.init_weights(args.init_std, buffer_device=device)
+
+    moe_args_naive = MoEArgs(
+        num_experts=args.experts,
+        num_shared_experts=0,
+        score_func=args.score_func,
+        route_norm=args.route_norm,
+        top_k=args.top_k,
+        use_grouped_mm=False,
+        score_before_experts=args.score_before,
+        load_balance_coeff=None,
+    )
+    moe_naive = MoE(moe_args_naive, dim=args.hidden, hidden_dim=args.inter)
+    moe_naive.load_state_dict(moe_grouped.state_dict(), strict=True)
+
+    moe_grouped = _prepare_module(moe_grouped, device=device, dtype=dtype)
+    moe_naive = _prepare_module(moe_naive, device=device, dtype=dtype)
+
+    x = torch.randn(args.bsz, args.seq, args.hidden, device=device, dtype=dtype)
+
+    tokens = args.bsz * args.seq
+    print(
+        f"Device={device} dtype={dtype} tokens={tokens} hidden={args.hidden} "
+        f"inter={args.inter} experts={args.experts} top_k={args.top_k}"
+    )
+
+    def run_naive():
+        return _forward_fn(moe_naive, x)
+
+    def run_grouped():
+        return _forward_fn(moe_grouped, x)
+
+    if hasattr(moe_naive, "tokens_per_expert"):
+        moe_naive.tokens_per_expert.zero_()
+    if hasattr(moe_grouped, "tokens_per_expert"):
+        moe_grouped.tokens_per_expert.zero_()
+
+    t_naive = _bench(run_naive, iters=args.iters, warmup=args.warmup)
+    flops = _estimate_moe_flops(tokens, args.hidden, args.inter, args.top_k)
+    tflops_naive = flops / ((t_naive / 1000.0) * 1e12)
+    print(
+        f"naive\t{t_naive:.2f} ms\t{tokens / (t_naive / 1000.0):.1f} tok/s\t"
+        f"{tflops_naive:.2f} TFLOP/s"
+    )
+
+    y_naive = run_naive()
+
+    if hasattr(moe_grouped, "tokens_per_expert"):
+        moe_grouped.tokens_per_expert.zero_()
+
+    t_grouped = _bench(run_grouped, iters=args.iters, warmup=args.warmup)
+    tflops_grouped = flops / ((t_grouped / 1000.0) * 1e12)
+    speedup = t_naive / t_grouped if t_grouped > 0 else float("nan")
+    print(
+        f"grouped\t{t_grouped:.2f} ms\t{tokens / (t_grouped / 1000.0):.1f} tok/s\t"
+        f"{tflops_grouped:.2f} TFLOP/s\t{speedup:.2f}×"
+    )
+
+    y_grouped = run_grouped()
+    diff = (y_naive.float() - y_grouped.float()).abs()
+    max_abs = diff.max().item()
+    mean_abs = diff.mean().item()
+    rel_l2 = (diff.pow(2).sum() / (y_naive.float().pow(2).sum() + 1e-12)).sqrt().item()
+    print(
+        f"grouped_check: max_abs={max_abs:.3e} mean_abs={mean_abs:.3e} rel_l2={rel_l2:.3e}"
+    )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

scripts/bench_torchtitan_moe_sweep.py

@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+"""Sweep Torchtitan MoE grouped vs naive configurations and report performance."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import csv
+import sys
+import time
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Iterable, List
+
+import torch
+
+_PROJECT_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
+_TITAN_PATH = _PROJECT_ROOT / "torchtitan"
+if str(_TITAN_PATH) not in sys.path:
+    sys.path.append(str(_TITAN_PATH))
+
+from torchtitan.models.moe import MoE, MoEArgs
+
+
+def _parse_int_list(value: str) -> List[int]:
+    return [int(v) for v in value.split(",") if v]
+
+
+def _parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
+    p = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Torchtitan MoE grouped vs naive sweep")
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--batch-sizes", default="4,8,16", help="Comma separated batch sizes"
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--seq-lens", default="1024,2048", help="Comma separated sequence lengths"
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--experts", default="8,16,32,64", help="Comma separated expert counts"
+    )
+    p.add_argument("--top-ks", default="1,2,4", help="Comma separated top_k choices")
+    p.add_argument("--hidden", type=int, default=4096)
+    p.add_argument("--inter", type=int, default=14336)
+    p.add_argument("--dtype", choices=["bf16", "fp16", "fp32"], default="bf16")
+    p.add_argument("--iters", type=int, default=25)
+    p.add_argument("--warmup", type=int, default=5)
+    p.add_argument("--init-std", type=float, default=0.02)
+    p.add_argument("--score-before", action="store_true")
+    p.add_argument("--score-func", choices=["softmax", "sigmoid"], default="softmax")
+    p.add_argument("--route-norm", action="store_true")
+    p.add_argument("--csv", type=Path, default=None, help="Optional CSV output path")
+    return p.parse_args()
+
+
+def _map_dtype(arg: str) -> torch.dtype:
+    return {
+        "bf16": torch.bfloat16,
+        "fp16": torch.float16,
+        "fp32": torch.float32,
+    }[arg]
+
+
+def _estimate_flops(tokens: int, hidden: int, inter: int, top_k: int) -> float:
+    return 6.0 * tokens * top_k * hidden * inter
+
+
+def _prepare_module(module: MoE, *, device: torch.device, dtype: torch.dtype) -> MoE:
+    module = module.to(device=device)
+    for param in module.parameters():
+        param.data = param.data.to(dtype)
+        if param.grad is not None:
+            param.grad = None
+    for name, buf in module.named_buffers():
+        if name == "tokens_per_expert":
+            module._buffers[name] = torch.zeros_like(
+                buf, dtype=torch.float32, device=device
+            )
+        elif name == "expert_bias" and buf is not None:
+            module._buffers[name] = torch.zeros_like(
+                buf, dtype=torch.float32, device=device
+            )
+        else:
+            module._buffers[name] = buf.to(device=device, dtype=dtype)
+    module.eval()
+    return module
+
+
+@torch.inference_mode()
+def _forward(module: MoE, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+    return module(x)
+
+
+def _bench(callable_, *, iters: int, warmup: int, device: torch.device) -> float:
+    for _ in range(warmup):
+        callable_()
+        if device.type == "cuda":
+            torch.cuda.synchronize()
+    timings: List[float] = []
+    for _ in range(iters):
+        if device.type == "cuda":
+            torch.cuda.synchronize()
+        start = time.perf_counter()
+        callable_()
+        if device.type == "cuda":
+            torch.cuda.synchronize()
+        timings.append((time.perf_counter() - start) * 1000.0)
+    return sum(timings) / len(timings)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class SweepResult:
+    bsz: int
+    seq: int
+    experts: int
+    top_k: int
+    dtype: str
+    naive_ms: float
+    grouped_ms: float
+    speedup: float
+    naive_tflops: float
+    grouped_tflops: float
+    max_abs: float
+    mean_abs: float
+    rel_l2: float
+
+
+def _run_case(
+    *,
+    bsz: int,
+    seq: int,
+    experts: int,
+    top_k: int,
+    hidden: int,
+    inter: int,
+    dtype: torch.dtype,
+    device: torch.device,
+    iters: int,
+    warmup: int,
+    init_std: float,
+    score_before: bool,
+    score_func: str,
+    route_norm: bool,
+) -> SweepResult:
+    torch.manual_seed(0)
+    if device.type == "cuda":
+        torch.cuda.manual_seed(0)
+
+    moe_args_grouped = MoEArgs(
+        num_experts=experts,
+        num_shared_experts=0,
+        score_func=score_func,
+        route_norm=route_norm,
+        top_k=top_k,
+        use_grouped_mm=True,
+        score_before_experts=score_before,
+        load_balance_coeff=None,
+    )
+    moe_grouped = MoE(moe_args_grouped, dim=hidden, hidden_dim=inter)
+    moe_grouped.init_weights(init_std, buffer_device=device)
+
+    moe_args_naive = MoEArgs(
+        num_experts=experts,
+        num_shared_experts=0,
+        score_func=score_func,
+        route_norm=route_norm,
+        top_k=top_k,
+        use_grouped_mm=False,
+        score_before_experts=score_before,
+        load_balance_coeff=None,
+    )
+    moe_naive = MoE(moe_args_naive, dim=hidden, hidden_dim=inter)
+    moe_naive.load_state_dict(moe_grouped.state_dict(), strict=True)
+
+    moe_grouped = _prepare_module(moe_grouped, device=device, dtype=dtype)
+    moe_naive = _prepare_module(moe_naive, device=device, dtype=dtype)
+
+    x = torch.randn(bsz, seq, hidden, device=device, dtype=dtype)
+
+    def run_naive():
+        if hasattr(moe_naive, "tokens_per_expert"):
+            moe_naive.tokens_per_expert.zero_()
+        return _forward(moe_naive, x)
+
+    def run_grouped():
+        if hasattr(moe_grouped, "tokens_per_expert"):
+            moe_grouped.tokens_per_expert.zero_()
+        return _forward(moe_grouped, x)
+
+    naive_ms = _bench(run_naive, iters=iters, warmup=warmup, device=device)
+    y_naive = run_naive()
+
+    grouped_ms = _bench(run_grouped, iters=iters, warmup=warmup, device=device)
+    y_grouped = run_grouped()
+
+    diff = (y_naive.float() - y_grouped.float()).abs()
+    max_abs = diff.max().item()
+    mean_abs = diff.mean().item()
+    rel_l2 = (diff.pow(2).sum() / (y_naive.float().pow(2).sum() + 1e-12)).sqrt().item()
+
+    tokens = bsz * seq
+    flops = _estimate_flops(tokens, hidden, inter, top_k)
+    naive_tflops = flops / ((naive_ms / 1000.0) * 1e12)
+    grouped_tflops = flops / ((grouped_ms / 1000.0) * 1e12)
+    speedup = naive_ms / grouped_ms if grouped_ms > 0 else float("nan")
+
+    return SweepResult(
+        bsz=bsz,
+        seq=seq,
+        experts=experts,
+        top_k=top_k,
+        dtype=str(dtype),
+        naive_ms=naive_ms,
+        grouped_ms=grouped_ms,
+        speedup=speedup,
+        naive_tflops=naive_tflops,
+        grouped_tflops=grouped_tflops,
+        max_abs=max_abs,
+        mean_abs=mean_abs,
+        rel_l2=rel_l2,
+    )
+
+
+def _print_header(
+    hidden: int, inter: int, dtype: torch.dtype, device: torch.device
+) -> None:
+    print(f"Device={device} dtype={dtype} hidden={hidden} inter={inter}")
+    print(
+        "bsz\tseq\texperts\ttop_k\tnaive(ms)\tgrouped(ms)\tspeedup\t"
+        "naive TF/s\tgrouped TF/s\tmax_abs\tmean_abs\trel_l2"
+    )
+
+
+def _print_result(res: SweepResult) -> None:
+    print(
+        f"{res.bsz}\t{res.seq}\t{res.experts}\t{res.top_k}\t"
+        f"{res.naive_ms:.2f}\t{res.grouped_ms:.2f}\t{res.speedup:.2f}\t"
+        f"{res.naive_tflops:.2f}\t{res.grouped_tflops:.2f}\t"
+        f"{res.max_abs:.2e}\t{res.mean_abs:.2e}\t{res.rel_l2:.2e}"
+    )
+
+
+def _write_csv(path: Path, results: Iterable[SweepResult]) -> None:
+    fieldnames = [
+        "batch_size",
+        "seq_len",
+        "experts",
+        "top_k",
+        "dtype",
+        "naive_ms",
+        "grouped_ms",
+        "speedup",
+        "naive_tflops",
+        "grouped_tflops",
+        "max_abs",
+        "mean_abs",
+        "rel_l2",
+    ]
+    with path.open("w", newline="") as f:
+        writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=fieldnames)
+        writer.writeheader()
+        for r in results:
+            writer.writerow(
+                {
+                    "batch_size": r.bsz,
+                    "seq_len": r.seq,
+                    "experts": r.experts,
+                    "top_k": r.top_k,
+                    "dtype": r.dtype,
+                    "naive_ms": f"{r.naive_ms:.4f}",
+                    "grouped_ms": f"{r.grouped_ms:.4f}",
+                    "speedup": f"{r.speedup:.4f}",
+                    "naive_tflops": f"{r.naive_tflops:.4f}",
+                    "grouped_tflops": f"{r.grouped_tflops:.4f}",
+                    "max_abs": f"{r.max_abs:.6e}",
+                    "mean_abs": f"{r.mean_abs:.6e}",
+                    "rel_l2": f"{r.rel_l2:.6e}",
+                }
+            )
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    args = _parse_args()
+    dtype = _map_dtype(args.dtype)
+    device = torch.device("cuda") if torch.cuda.is_available() else torch.device("cpu")
+
+    batch_sizes = _parse_int_list(args.batch_sizes)
+    seq_lens = _parse_int_list(args.seq_lens)
+    experts_list = _parse_int_list(args.experts)
+    top_ks = _parse_int_list(args.top_ks)
+
+    results: List[SweepResult] = []
+    _print_header(args.hidden, args.inter, dtype, device)
+
+    for bsz in batch_sizes:
+        for seq in seq_lens:
+            for experts in experts_list:
+                for top_k in top_ks:
+                    try:
+                        res = _run_case(
+                            bsz=bsz,
+                            seq=seq,
+                            experts=experts,
+                            top_k=top_k,
+                            hidden=args.hidden,
+                            inter=args.inter,
+                            dtype=dtype,
+                            device=device,
+                            iters=args.iters,
+                            warmup=args.warmup,
+                            init_std=args.init_std,
+                            score_before=args.score_before,
+                            score_func=args.score_func,
+                            route_norm=args.route_norm,
+                        )
+                    except RuntimeError as err:
+                        print(
+                            f"{bsz}\t{seq}\t{experts}\t{top_k}\tERROR: {err}",
+                            file=sys.stderr,
+                        )
+                        continue
+                    results.append(res)
+                    _print_result(res)
+
+    if args.csv and results:
+        _write_csv(args.csv, results)
+        print(f"Wrote {len(results)} rows to {args.csv}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

scripts/cutcrossentropy_install.py

@@ -29,5 +29,5 @@ UV_PREFIX = "uv " if USE_UV else ""
 
 print(
     UNINSTALL_PREFIX
-    + f'{UV_PREFIX}pip install "cut-cross-entropy[transformers] @ git+https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/ml-cross-entropy.git@0ee9ee8"'
+    + f'{UV_PREFIX}pip install "cut-cross-entropy[transformers] @ git+https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/ml-cross-entropy.git@c6a32c5"'
 )

scripts/debug_qwen2_experts.py

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+"""Inspect Qwen2 MoE expert implementations for grouped-mm debugging."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import torch
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
+sys.path.extend(
+    [
+        str(ROOT / "transformers" / "src"),
+        str(ROOT / "src"),
+    ]
+)
+
+from transformers.models.qwen2_moe.configuration_qwen2_moe import Qwen2MoeConfig
+from transformers.models.qwen2_moe.modeling_qwen2_moe import Qwen2MoeSparseMoeBlock
+
+from axolotl.kernels.moe.torch_grouped import _iter_expert_impls
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    cfg = Qwen2MoeConfig(
+        hidden_size=4096,
+        moe_intermediate_size=14336,
+        shared_expert_intermediate_size=14336,
+        num_experts=32,
+        num_experts_per_tok=4,
+    )
+
+    block = Qwen2MoeSparseMoeBlock(cfg).to("cuda", dtype=torch.bfloat16)
+    experts = block.experts
+    experts._ax_parent_block = block
+
+    impls = _iter_expert_impls(experts)
+    print(f"impl count: {len(impls)}")
+    for idx, impl in enumerate(impls[:8]):
+        has_gate = hasattr(impl, "gate_proj")
+        has_up = hasattr(impl, "up_proj")
+        print(
+            f"impl[{idx}] type={impl.__class__.__name__} has_gate={has_gate} has_up={has_up}"
+        )
+        if has_gate:
+            print(f"  gate shape {tuple(impl.gate_proj.weight.shape)}")
+            print(f"  up shape   {tuple(impl.up_proj.weight.shape)}")
+            print(f"  down shape {tuple(impl.down_proj.weight.shape)}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

scripts/probe_torch_grouped_ops.py

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+"""
+Probe PyTorch for grouped GEMM operator names and namespaces.
+Run: python scripts/probe_torch_grouped_ops.py
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+
+def main():
+    try:
+        import torch
+    except Exception as e:
+        print("Failed to import torch:", e)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    print("torch version:", torch.__version__)
+    namespaces = [n for n in dir(torch.ops) if not n.startswith("_")]
+    print("ops namespaces:", namespaces)
+
+    found_any = False
+    for ns in namespaces:
+        obj = getattr(torch.ops, ns, None)
+        ops = []
+        if obj is not None:
+            try:
+                ops = dir(obj)
+            except Exception as e:
+                print(f"warning: failed to list ops for namespace {ns}: {e}")
+        cands = [
+            o
+            for o in ops
+            if ("group" in o.lower())
+            or ("mm_grouped" in o.lower())
+            or ("matmul_grouped" in o.lower())
+            or ("grouped" in o.lower())
+        ]
+        if cands:
+            found_any = True
+            print(f"namespace {ns} candidates:", cands)
+
+    if not found_any:
+        print("No grouped GEMM candidates found. PyTorch >= 2.8 is recommended.")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

setup.py

@@ -64,7 +64,9 @@ def parse_requirements(extras_require_map):
             else:
                 raise ValueError("Invalid version format")
 
-            if (major, minor) >= (2, 7):
+            if (major, minor) >= (2, 8):
+                pass
+            elif (major, minor) >= (2, 7):
                 _install_requires.pop(_install_requires.index(xformers_version))
                 if patch == 0:
                     _install_requires.append("xformers==0.0.30")
@@ -125,7 +127,7 @@ extras_require = {
         "yunchang==0.6.0",
     ],
     "deepspeed": [
-        "deepspeed==0.17.2",
+        "deepspeed==0.17.5",
         "deepspeed-kernels",
     ],
     "mamba-ssm": [
@@ -160,6 +162,7 @@ extras_require = {
     "llmcompressor": [
         "llmcompressor==0.5.1",
     ],
+    "fbgemm-gpu": ["fbgemm-gpu-genai>=1.2.0"],
 }
 install_requires, dependency_links, extras_require_build = parse_requirements(
     extras_require

src/axolotl/cli/__init__.py

@@ -4,5 +4,7 @@ import os
 
 from axolotl.logging_config import configure_logging
 
-os.environ["HF_HUB_ENABLE_HF_TRANSFER"] = "1"
+os.environ.setdefault("TOKENIZERS_PARALLELISM", "false")
+os.environ.setdefault("HF_HUB_ENABLE_HF_TRANSFER", "1")
+
 configure_logging()

src/axolotl/cli/args.py

@@ -14,9 +14,13 @@ class PreprocessCliArgs:
     prompter: Optional[str] = field(default=None)
     download: Optional[bool] = field(default=True)
     iterable: Optional[bool] = field(
-        default=None,
+        default=False,
         metadata={
-            "help": "Use IterableDataset for streaming processing of large datasets"
+            "help": (
+                "Deprecated in v0.13.0, will be removed in v0.14.0. For streaming "
+                "datasets, use 'axolotl train' and set 'streaming: true' in your YAML "
+                "config, or pass --streaming instead in the CLI."
+            )
         },
     )
 
@@ -111,6 +115,7 @@ class QuantizeCliArgs:
     quantize_embedding: Optional[bool] = field(default=None)
     group_size: Optional[int] = field(default=None)
     output_dir: Optional[str] = field(default=None)
+    hub_model_id: Optional[str] = field(default=None)
 
 
 @dataclass

src/axolotl/cli/cloud/__init__.py

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ from typing import Literal
 
 import yaml
 
+from axolotl.cli.cloud.base import Cloud
+from axolotl.cli.cloud.baseten import BasetenCloud
 from axolotl.cli.cloud.modal_ import ModalCloud
 from axolotl.utils.dict import DictDefault
 
@@ -38,8 +40,15 @@ def do_cli_train(
     cwd=None,
     **kwargs,
 ) -> None:
-    cloud_cfg = load_cloud_cfg(cloud_config)
+    cloud_cfg: DictDefault = load_cloud_cfg(cloud_config)
-    cloud = ModalCloud(cloud_cfg)
+    provider = cloud_cfg.provider or "modal"
+    cloud: Cloud | None
+    if provider == "modal":
+        cloud = ModalCloud(cloud_cfg)
+    elif provider == "baseten":
+        cloud = BasetenCloud(cloud_cfg.to_dict())
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported cloud provider: {provider}")
     with open(config, "r", encoding="utf-8") as file:
         config_yaml = file.read()
     local_dirs = {}

src/axolotl/cli/cloud/baseten/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+"""Baseten Cloud CLI"""
+
+import shutil
+import subprocess  # nosec B404
+import tempfile
+from os.path import dirname
+from typing import Literal
+
+import yaml
+
+from axolotl.cli.cloud.base import Cloud
+
+
+class BasetenCloud(Cloud):
+    """Baseten Cloud Axolotl CLI"""
+
+    def __init__(self, config: dict):
+        self.config = config
+
+    def preprocess(self, config_yaml: str, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Separate preprocess function for Baseten is not "
+            "implemented and will happen during hte train step."
+        )
+
+    def train(
+        self,
+        config_yaml: str,
+        launcher: Literal["accelerate", "torchrun", "python"] = "accelerate",
+        launcher_args: list[str] | None = None,
+        local_dirs: dict[str, str] | None = None,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_dir:
+            config = self.config.copy()
+            config["launcher"] = launcher
+            config["launcher_args"] = launcher_args
+            with open(tmp_dir + "/cloud.yaml", "w", encoding="utf-8") as cloud_fout:
+                yaml.dump(config, cloud_fout)
+            with open(tmp_dir + "/train.yaml", "w", encoding="utf-8") as config_fout:
+                config_fout.write(config_yaml)
+            shutil.copyfile(dirname(__file__) + "/template/run.sh", tmp_dir + "/run.sh")
+            shutil.copyfile(
+                dirname(__file__) + "/template/train_sft.py", tmp_dir + "/train_sft.py"
+            )
+            subprocess.run(  # nosec B603 B607
+                ["truss", "train", "push", "train_sft.py"], cwd=tmp_dir, check=False
+            )

src/axolotl/cli/cloud/baseten/template/run.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -eux
+
+export NCCL_SOCKET_IFNAME="^docker0,lo"
+export NCCL_IB_DISABLE=0
+export NCCL_TIMEOUT=1800000
+
+axolotl preprocess train.yaml
+axolotl train train.yaml --launcher ${AXOLOTL_LAUNCHER} ${AXOLOTL_LAUNCHER_ARGS}

src/axolotl/cli/cloud/baseten/template/train_sft.py

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+"""
+Baseten Training Script for Axolotl
+"""
+
+# pylint: skip-file
+import yaml
+from truss.base import truss_config
+
+# Import necessary classes from the Baseten Training SDK
+from truss_train import definitions
+
+cloud_config = yaml.safe_load(open("cloud.yaml", "r"))
+gpu = cloud_config.get("gpu", "h100")
+gpu_count = int(cloud_config.get("gpu_count", 1))
+node_count = int(cloud_config.get("node_count", 1))
+project_name = cloud_config.get("project_name", "axolotl-project") or "axolotl-project"
+secrets = cloud_config.get("secrets", [])
+launcher = cloud_config.get("launcher", "accelerate")
+launcher_args = cloud_config.get("launcher_args", [])
+script_name = "run.sh"
+
+launcher_args_str = ""
+if launcher_args:
+    launcher_args_str = "-- " + " ".join(launcher_args)
+
+# 1. Define a base image for your training job
+# must use torch 2.7.0 for vllm
+BASE_IMAGE = "axolotlai/axolotl:main-py3.11-cu126-2.7.1"
+
+# 2. Define the Runtime Environment for the Training Job
+# This includes start commands and environment variables.a
+# Secrets from the baseten workspace like API keys are referenced using
+# `SecretReference`.
+
+env_vars = {
+    "AXOLOTL_LAUNCHER": launcher,
+    "AXOLOTL_LAUNCHER_ARGS": launcher_args_str,
+}
+for secret_name in secrets:
+    env_vars[secret_name] = definitions.SecretReference(name=secret_name)
+
+training_runtime = definitions.Runtime(
+    start_commands=[  # Example: list of commands to run your training script
+        f"/bin/sh -c 'chmod +x ./{script_name} && ./{script_name}'"
+    ],
+    environment_variables=env_vars,
+)
+
+# 3. Define the Compute Resources for the Training Job
+training_compute = definitions.Compute(
+    node_count=node_count,
+    accelerator=truss_config.AcceleratorSpec(
+        accelerator=truss_config.Accelerator.H100,
+        count=gpu_count,
+    ),
+)
+
+# 4. Define the Training Job
+# This brings together the image, compute, and runtime configurations.
+my_training_job = definitions.TrainingJob(
+    image=definitions.Image(base_image=BASE_IMAGE),
+    compute=training_compute,
+    runtime=training_runtime,
+)
+
+
+# This config will be pushed using the Truss CLI.
+# The association of the job to the project happens at the time of push.
+first_project_with_job = definitions.TrainingProject(
+    name=project_name, job=my_training_job
+)

src/axolotl/cli/config.py

@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ from axolotl.utils.config import (
 from axolotl.utils.dict import DictDefault
 from axolotl.utils.logging import get_logger
 from axolotl.utils.mlflow_ import setup_mlflow_env_vars
-from axolotl.utils.trainer import prepare_opinionated_env, prepare_optim_env
+from axolotl.utils.tee import prepare_debug_log
+from axolotl.utils.trainer import prepare_optim_env
 from axolotl.utils.wandb_ import setup_wandb_env_vars
 
 LOG = get_logger(__name__)
@@ -227,8 +228,11 @@ def load_cfg(
         },
     )
 
+    # NOTE(djsaunde): We start outputting to output_dir/debug.log at this point since we
+    # have to wait for cfg.output to be resolved. We could call this earlier if we write
+    # to a temporary file, and then move it later.
+    prepare_debug_log(cfg)
     prepare_optim_env(cfg)
-    prepare_opinionated_env(cfg)
     normalize_config(cfg)
     normalize_cfg_datasets(cfg)
     setup_wandb_env_vars(cfg)
@@ -241,7 +245,6 @@ def load_cfg(
         for k, v in cfg.items()
         if v is not None
     }
-
     LOG.info(
         "config:\n%s",
         json.dumps(cfg_to_log, indent=2, default=str, sort_keys=True),

src/axolotl/cli/inference.py

@@ -14,10 +14,12 @@ from transformers import GenerationConfig, TextIteratorStreamer, TextStreamer
 from axolotl.cli.args import InferenceCliArgs
 from axolotl.cli.config import load_cfg
 from axolotl.cli.utils import load_model_and_tokenizer
-from axolotl.utils.chat_templates import (
+from axolotl.cli.utils.diffusion import (
-    get_chat_template,
+    diffusion_inference,
-    get_chat_template_from_config,
+    launch_diffusion_gradio_ui,
 )
+from axolotl.integrations.base import PluginManager
+from axolotl.utils.chat_templates import get_chat_template_from_config
 from axolotl.utils.dict import DictDefault
 from axolotl.utils.logging import get_logger
 
@@ -32,6 +34,7 @@ def get_multi_line_input() -> str:
         Possibly multi-line, possibly empty stdin input as a string.
     """
     print("Give me an instruction (Ctrl + D to submit): ")
+    print("=" * 80)
 
     instruction = ""
     for line in sys.stdin:
@@ -46,9 +49,9 @@ def do_inference(
     cli_args: InferenceCliArgs,
 ):
     """
-    Runs inference on the command line in a loop. User input is accepted, a chat template
+    Runs inference on the command line in a loop. User input is accepted, a chat
-    is (optionally) applied, and the model specified in the `axolotl` config is used to
+    template is (optionally) applied, and the model specified in the `axolotl` config is
-    generate completions according to a default generation config.
+    used to generate completions according to a default generation config.
 
     Args:
         cfg: Dictionary mapping `axolotl` config keys to values.
@@ -64,17 +67,31 @@ def do_inference(
             importlib.import_module("axolotl.prompters"), prompter
         )
     elif cfg.chat_template:
-        chat_template_str = get_chat_template(cfg.chat_template, tokenizer=tokenizer)
+        chat_template_str = get_chat_template_from_config(
-    elif cfg.datasets[0].type == "chat_template":
+            cfg, ds_cfg=None, tokenizer=tokenizer
+        )
+    elif cfg.datasets and cfg.datasets[0].type == "chat_template":
         chat_template_str = get_chat_template_from_config(
             cfg=cfg, ds_cfg=cfg.datasets[0], tokenizer=tokenizer
         )
 
     model = model.to(cfg.device, dtype=cfg.torch_dtype)
 
+    # Detect diffusion mode
+    plugin_manager = PluginManager.get_instance()
+    is_diffusion = any(
+        plugin.__class__.__name__ == "DiffusionPlugin"
+        for plugin in plugin_manager.plugins.values()
+    )
+
+    if is_diffusion:
+        print("=" * 80)
+        print("Commands:")
+        print(":complete N -> completion mode with N tokens (default 64)")
+        print(":mask R     -> random masking with ratio R (0.0–1.0)")
+
     while True:
         print("=" * 80)
-        # support for multiline inputs
         instruction = get_multi_line_input()
         if not instruction:
             return
@@ -104,9 +121,19 @@ def do_inference(
         else:
             batch = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt", add_special_tokens=True)
 
-        print("=" * 40)
+        print("=" * 80)
         model.eval()
         with torch.no_grad():
+            if is_diffusion:
+                diffusion_inference(
+                    model=model,
+                    tokenizer=tokenizer,
+                    cfg=cfg,
+                    prompt=prompt,
+                    chat_template_str=chat_template_str,
+                )
+                continue
+
             generation_config = GenerationConfig(
                 repetition_penalty=1.1,
                 max_new_tokens=1024,
@@ -129,7 +156,7 @@ def do_inference(
                 generation_config=generation_config,
                 streamer=streamer,
             )
-        print("=" * 40)
+        print("=" * 80)
         print(tokenizer.decode(generated["sequences"].cpu().tolist()[0]))
 
 
@@ -159,10 +186,33 @@ def do_inference_gradio(
             importlib.import_module("axolotl.prompters"), prompter
         )
     elif cfg.chat_template:
-        chat_template_str = get_chat_template(cfg.chat_template, tokenizer=tokenizer)
+        chat_template_str = get_chat_template_from_config(
+            cfg, ds_cfg=None, tokenizer=tokenizer
+        )
+    elif cfg.datasets and cfg.datasets[0].type == "chat_template":
+        chat_template_str = get_chat_template_from_config(
+            cfg=cfg, ds_cfg=cfg.datasets[0], tokenizer=tokenizer
+        )
 
     model = model.to(cfg.device, dtype=cfg.torch_dtype)
 
+    # Detect diffusion mode
+    plugin_manager = PluginManager.get_instance()
+    is_diffusion = any(
+        plugin.__class__.__name__ == "DiffusionPlugin"
+        for plugin in plugin_manager.plugins.values()
+    )
+
+    if is_diffusion:
+        launch_diffusion_gradio_ui(
+            model=model,
+            tokenizer=tokenizer,
+            cfg=cfg,
+            prompter_module=prompter_module,
+            chat_template_str=chat_template_str,
+        )
+        return
+
     def generate(instruction):
         if not instruction:
             return

src/axolotl/cli/main.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ from axolotl.cli.utils import (
     launch_training,
 )
 from axolotl.integrations.lm_eval.cli import lm_eval
-from axolotl.utils import patch_optimized_env
+from axolotl.utils import set_pytorch_cuda_alloc_conf
 from axolotl.utils.logging import get_logger
 from axolotl.utils.schemas.config import AxolotlInputConfig
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def cli():
     """Axolotl CLI - Train and fine-tune large language models"""
     print_axolotl_text_art()
     load_dotenv()
-    patch_optimized_env()
+    set_pytorch_cuda_alloc_conf()
 
 
 @cli.command()

src/axolotl/cli/merge_lora.py

@@ -43,7 +43,10 @@ def do_merge_lora(*, cfg: DictDefault) -> None:
             safe_serialization=safe_serialization,
             progressbar=True,
         )
-        tokenizer.save_pretrained(str(Path(cfg.output_dir) / "merged"))
+        tokenizer.save_pretrained(
+            str(Path(cfg.output_dir) / "merged"),
+            save_jinja_files=cfg.tokenizer_save_jinja_files,
+        )
 
         if processor:
             processor.save_pretrained(str(Path(cfg.output_dir) / "merged"))

src/axolotl/cli/preprocess.py

@@ -35,10 +35,20 @@ def do_preprocess(cfg: DictDefault, cli_args: PreprocessCliArgs) -> None:
     check_accelerate_default_config()
     check_user_token()
 
+    if cli_args.iterable:
+        LOG.error(
+            "The --iterable CLI argument for 'axolotl preprocess' is no longer "
+            "supported. For training, set 'streaming: true' in your YAML config or "
+            "pass '--streaming' in your 'axolotl train' command for on-the-fly "
+            "preprocessing."
+        )
+        return
+
     for key in ["skip_prepare_dataset", "pretraining_dataset"]:
         if cfg.get(key):
             LOG.error(
-                f"You have set `{key}:`. `preprocess` is not needed. Run the `axolotl train` CLI directly instead."
+                f"You have set `{key}:`. `preprocess` is not needed. Run the 'axolotl "
+                "train' CLI directly instead."
             )
             return
 

src/axolotl/cli/quantize.py

@@ -5,12 +5,17 @@ CLI to post-training quantize a model using torchao
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Union
 
-from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM
+from transformers import AutoConfig, AutoModelForCausalLM, TorchAoConfig
 
 from axolotl.cli.config import load_cfg
 from axolotl.loaders import load_tokenizer
 from axolotl.utils.logging import get_logger
-from axolotl.utils.quantization import TorchIntDType, quantize_model_for_ptq
+from axolotl.utils.quantization import (
+    TorchAOQuantDType,
+    get_quantization_config,
+    quantization_config_to_str,
+    quantize_model,
+)
 
 LOG = get_logger(__name__)
 
@@ -43,13 +48,13 @@ def do_quantize(
             "No quantization configuration found. Please specify either qat or quantization in your config file."
         )
 
-    model_path = cli_args.get("model_path") or cfg.output_dir
+    model_path = cli_args.get("base_model") or cfg.output_dir
     if weight_dtype := cli_args.get("weight_dtype"):
-        weight_dtype = TorchIntDType[weight_dtype]
+        weight_dtype = TorchAOQuantDType.from_string(weight_dtype)
     else:
         weight_dtype = quantize_cfg.weight_dtype
     if activation_dtype := cli_args.get("activation_dtype"):
-        activation_dtype = TorchIntDType[activation_dtype]
+        activation_dtype = TorchAOQuantDType.from_string(activation_dtype)
     else:
         activation_dtype = quantize_cfg.activation_dtype
     group_size = cli_args.get("group_size") or quantize_cfg.group_size
@@ -57,10 +62,15 @@ def do_quantize(
         cli_args.get("quantize_embedding") or quantize_cfg.quantize_embedding
     )
     output_dir = cli_args.get("output_dir") or cfg.output_dir
+    hub_model_id = cli_args.get("hub_model_id") or cfg.hub_model_id
 
-    LOG.info(f"Loading model from {model_path}...")
+    LOG.info(f"Loading model from {model_path}.")
     tokenizer = load_tokenizer(cfg)
-    model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_path, device_map="auto")
+    config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_path)
+    torch_dtype = config.torch_dtype if hasattr(config, "torch_dtype") else None
+    model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
+        model_path, device_map="auto", torch_dtype=torch_dtype
+    )
 
     LOG.info(
         f"Quantizing model with configuration: \n"
@@ -70,11 +80,21 @@ def do_quantize(
         f"\tquantize_embedding: {quantize_embedding}"
     )
 
-    quantize_model_for_ptq(
+    quantize_model(
         model, weight_dtype, group_size, activation_dtype, quantize_embedding
     )
 
-    LOG.info(f"Saving quantized model to: {str(Path(output_dir) / 'quantized')}...")
+    quantization_config = get_quantization_config(
+        weight_dtype, activation_dtype, group_size
+    )
+
+    ao_config = TorchAoConfig(
+        quant_type=quantization_config,
+        include_input_output_embeddings=quantize_embedding,
+    )
+    model.config.quantization_config = ao_config
+
+    LOG.info(f"Saving quantized model to: {str(Path(output_dir) / 'quantized')}.")
     model.save_pretrained(
         str(Path(output_dir) / "quantized"),
         safe_serialization=False,
@@ -84,5 +104,16 @@ def do_quantize(
         str(Path(output_dir) / "quantized"),
         safe_serialization=False,
         progressbar=True,
+        save_jinja_files=cfg.tokenizer_save_jinja_files,
     )
-    LOG.info(f"Quantized model saved to: {str(Path(output_dir) / 'quantized')}...")
+
+    if hub_model_id:
+        hub_model_id = (
+            hub_model_id.rstrip("-")
+            + f"-{quantization_config_to_str[type(quantization_config)]}"
+        )
+        model.push_to_hub(hub_model_id, safe_serialization=False)
+        tokenizer.push_to_hub(hub_model_id)
+        LOG.info(f"Quantized model pushed to: {hub_model_id}.")
+
+    LOG.info(f"Quantized model saved to: {str(Path(output_dir) / 'quantized')}.")

src/axolotl/cli/train.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ from axolotl.integrations.base import PluginManager
 from axolotl.train import train
 from axolotl.utils.config import normalize_config, resolve_dtype
 from axolotl.utils.dict import DictDefault
+from axolotl.utils.trainer import prepare_optim_env
 
 
 def do_train(cfg: DictDefault, cli_args: TrainerCliArgs):
@@ -59,7 +60,6 @@ def do_cli(config: Union[Path, str] = Path("examples/"), **kwargs):
         config: Path to `axolotl` config YAML file.
         kwargs: Additional keyword arguments to override config file values.
     """
-
     parsed_cfg = load_cfg(config, **kwargs)
     parser = HfArgumentParser(TrainerCliArgs)
     parsed_cli_args, _ = parser.parse_args_into_dataclasses(
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ def ray_train_func(kwargs: dict):
     # cast `cfg` back to DictDefault (ray tune deepcopy has issues with DictDefault so needed it to be dict)
     # also renormalize the config now that TorchTrainer has spawned distributed workers
     cfg = DictDefault(kwargs["cfg"])
+    prepare_optim_env(cfg)
     normalize_config(cfg)
 
     # now that we are on the worker node, we can check `is_torch_bf16_gpu_available` to resolve dtype

src/axolotl/cli/utils/diffusion.py

@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+"""Helpers for diffusion-mode inference in CLI and Gradio."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import gradio as gr
+from colorama import Fore, Style
+
+from axolotl.integrations.diffusion import generate, resolve_mask_token_id
+from axolotl.utils.dict import DictDefault
+
+
+def diffusion_inference(
+    model,
+    tokenizer,
+    cfg,
+    prompt: str,
+    chat_template_str: str | None = None,
+):
+    """Diffusion inference helper method."""
+    mode = "random"
+    completion_tokens = 0
+    target_mask_ratio = None
+    mode, completion_tokens, target_mask_ratio, cleaned = _parse_commands(prompt)
+
+    if cleaned:
+        prompt = cleaned
+
+    info = run_diffusion(
+        model=model,
+        tokenizer=tokenizer,
+        cfg=cfg,
+        prompt=prompt,
+        chat_template_str=chat_template_str,
+        mode=mode,
+        target_mask_ratio=target_mask_ratio,
+        completion_tokens=completion_tokens,
+    )
+    masked_text = info["masked_text"]
+    mask_ratio = info["mask_ratio"]
+    generated_ids = info["generated_ids"]
+    masked_positions = info["masked_positions"]
+    orig_ids = info["orig_ids"]
+
+    # Display with masked preview and colored diff
+    if masked_text is not None and mask_ratio is not None:
+        print(f"Masked ({mask_ratio:.1%}):\n{masked_text}\n")
+    if generated_ids is not None:
+        # Compute per-token style
+        styles: list[str] = []
+        for i, tid in enumerate(generated_ids):
+            if i in masked_positions:
+                if i < len(orig_ids) and tid == orig_ids[i]:
+                    styles.append("green")  # correct fill
+                elif i < len(orig_ids):
+                    styles.append("red")  # incorrect fill
+                else:
+                    styles.append("normal")  # appended
+            else:
+                same = i < len(orig_ids) and tid == orig_ids[i]
+                styles.append("dim" if same else "normal")
+
+        # Group contiguous spans by style
+        styled_spans: list[tuple[str, int, int]] = []
+        if generated_ids:
+            current_style = styles[0]
+            start = 0
+            for i in range(1, len(generated_ids)):
+                s = styles[i]
+                if s != current_style:
+                    styled_spans.append((current_style, start, i))
+                    current_style, start = s, i
+            styled_spans.append((current_style, start, len(generated_ids)))
+
+        out_parts = []
+        for style_name, a, b in styled_spans:
+            chunk_text = tokenizer.decode(generated_ids[a:b], skip_special_tokens=False)
+            if style_name == "green":
+                out_parts.append(Fore.GREEN + chunk_text + Style.RESET_ALL)
+            elif style_name == "red":
+                out_parts.append(Fore.RED + chunk_text + Style.RESET_ALL)
+            else:
+                if style_name == "dim":
+                    out_parts.append(Style.DIM + chunk_text + Style.RESET_ALL)
+                else:
+                    out_parts.append(chunk_text)
+        print("Generated:\n" + "".join(out_parts))
+    else:
+        print("Generated:\n(no output)")
+
+
+def _parse_commands(text: str):
+    """
+    Parse leading diffusion commands.
+
+    Supported at start of input (can be chained):
+      :complete N  -> completion mode with N tokens (default 64)
+      :mask R      -> random masking with ratio R in [0, 1]
+    """
+    tokens = text.strip().split()
+    i = 0
+    mode = "random"
+    completion_tokens = 0
+    target_mask_ratio = None
+    consumed = 0
+    while i < len(tokens) and tokens[i].startswith(":"):
+        cmd = tokens[i]
+        i += 1
+        consumed = i
+        if cmd == ":complete":
+            mode = "completion"
+            if i < len(tokens):
+                try:
+                    completion_tokens = int(tokens[i])
+                    i += 1
+                    consumed = i
+                except Exception:
+                    completion_tokens = 64
+            else:
+                completion_tokens = 64
+        elif cmd == ":mask":
+            mode = "random"
+            if i < len(tokens):
+                try:
+                    target_mask_ratio = float(tokens[i])
+                    i += 1
+                    consumed = i
+                except Exception:
+                    target_mask_ratio = None
+        else:
+            i -= 1
+            consumed = i
+            break
+
+    cleaned = " ".join(tokens[consumed:])
+
+    return mode, completion_tokens, target_mask_ratio, cleaned
+
+
+def run_diffusion(
+    *,
+    model,
+    tokenizer,
+    cfg: DictDefault,
+    prompt: str,
+    chat_template_str: str | None,
+    mode: str = "random",
+    target_mask_ratio: float | None = None,
+    completion_tokens: int = 0,
+):
+    """Run a single diffusion generation and return a structured result dict."""
+    if chat_template_str:
+        batch = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
+            [{"role": "user", "content": prompt}],
+            return_tensors="pt",
+            add_special_tokens=True,
+            add_generation_prompt=True,
+            chat_template=chat_template_str,
+            tokenize=True,
+            return_dict=True,
+        )
+    else:
+        batch = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt", add_special_tokens=True)
+
+    mask_token_id = resolve_mask_token_id(tokenizer, cfg, allow_add=False)
+
+    seq = batch["input_ids"].to(cfg.device)
+    gen_mode = "completion" if mode == "completion" else "random"
+    comp_tokens = int(completion_tokens) if gen_mode == "completion" else 0
+
+    result = generate(
+        model,
+        tokenizer,
+        original_sequence=seq[:1],
+        num_diffusion_steps=cfg.diffusion.num_diffusion_steps,
+        temperature=cfg.diffusion.generation_temperature,
+        mask_token_id=int(mask_token_id),
+        mode=gen_mode,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        completion_tokens=comp_tokens,
+        target_mask_ratio=target_mask_ratio,
+    )
+
+    masked_text = result.get("masked") if isinstance(result, dict) else None
+    mask_ratio = result.get("mask_ratio") if isinstance(result, dict) else None
+    generated_ids = result.get("generated_ids") if isinstance(result, dict) else None
+    masked_positions = (
+        set(result.get("masked_positions") or []) if isinstance(result, dict) else set()
+    )
+    orig_ids = seq[0].detach().cpu().tolist()
+
+    return {
+        "masked_text": masked_text,
+        "mask_ratio": mask_ratio,
+        "generated_ids": generated_ids,
+        "masked_positions": masked_positions,
+        "orig_ids": orig_ids,
+    }
+
+
+def render_html(
+    *,
+    generated_ids: list[int] | None,
+    orig_ids: list[int],
+    masked_positions: set[int],
+    tokenizer,
+) -> str:
+    """Render HTML visualizing diffusion outputs."""
+    if not generated_ids:
+        return "<pre>Generated:\n(no output)</pre>"
+
+    def _style_for(i: int, tid: int) -> str:
+        if i in masked_positions:
+            if i < len(orig_ids) and tid == orig_ids[i]:
+                return "green"
+            if i < len(orig_ids):
+                return "red"
+            return "normal"
+        same = i < len(orig_ids) and tid == orig_ids[i]
+        return "dim" if same else "normal"
+
+    # Group contiguous spans by style to reduce HTML size
+    spans: list[tuple[str, int, int]] = []
+    if generated_ids:
+        cur = _style_for(0, generated_ids[0])
+        start = 0
+        for i in range(1, len(generated_ids)):
+            s = _style_for(i, generated_ids[i])
+            if s != cur:
+                spans.append((cur, start, i))
+                cur, start = s, i
+        spans.append((cur, start, len(generated_ids)))
+
+    html_parts = []
+    for style_name, a, b in spans:
+        txt = tokenizer.decode(generated_ids[a:b], skip_special_tokens=False)
+        if style_name == "green":
+            html_parts.append(f'<span style="color:#2e7d32">{txt}</span>')
+        elif style_name == "red":
+            html_parts.append(f'<span style="color:#c62828">{txt}</span>')
+        elif style_name == "dim":
+            html_parts.append(f'<span style="opacity:0.6">{txt}</span>')
+        else:
+            html_parts.append(txt)
+
+    legend = (
+        '<div style="font-size:0.9em;margin-bottom:4px">'
+        '<span style="color:#2e7d32">correct</span>, '
+        '<span style="color:#c62828">incorrect</span>, '
+        '<span style="opacity:0.6">unchanged</span>'
+        "</div>"
+    )
+
+    return (
+        legend
+        + '<pre style="white-space:pre-wrap">Generated:\n'
+        + "".join(html_parts)
+        + "</pre>"
+    )
+
+
+def launch_diffusion_gradio_ui(
+    *,
+    model,
+    tokenizer,
+    cfg: DictDefault,
+    prompter_module=None,
+    chat_template_str: str | None = None,
+):
+    """Build and launch a simple Gradio UI for diffusion inference."""
+    with gr.Blocks(
+        title=cfg.get("gradio_title", "Axolotl Diffusion Interface")
+    ) as demo:
+        gr.Markdown(
+            """
+            ## Axolotl Diffusion Inference
+            - Mode "Random" masks tokens at a target ratio and fills them.
+            - Mode "Completion" appends N masked tokens at the end and fills them.
+            """
+        )
+
+        with gr.Row():
+            mode = gr.Radio(
+                choices=["random", "completion"],
+                value="random",
+                label="Mode",
+            )
+            mask_ratio = gr.Slider(
+                minimum=0.0,
+                maximum=1.0,
+                step=0.05,
+                value=0.4,
+                label="Mask ratio (random mode)",
+                interactive=True,
+            )
+            completion_tokens = gr.Number(
+                value=64,
+                precision=0,
+                label="Completion tokens (completion mode)",
+                interactive=True,
+                visible=False,
+            )
+
+        instruction = gr.Textbox(label="Instruction", lines=6)
+        run_btn = gr.Button("Generate")
+
+        masked_preview = gr.Textbox(label="Masked preview", lines=6)
+        html_out = gr.HTML(label="Generated")
+
+        def _toggle_controls(selected_mode: str):
+            return (
+                gr.update(visible=(selected_mode == "random")),
+                gr.update(visible=(selected_mode == "completion")),
+            )
+
+        mode.change(
+            _toggle_controls,
+            inputs=[mode],
+            outputs=[mask_ratio, completion_tokens],
+        )
+
+        def _gen(instruction_text: str, selected_mode: str, mratio: float, ctoks: int):
+            if not instruction_text:
+                return "", "<pre>Generated:\n(no output)</pre>"
+
+            if prompter_module:
+                prompt: str = next(
+                    prompter_module().build_prompt(
+                        instruction=instruction_text.strip("\n")
+                    )
+                )
+            else:
+                prompt = instruction_text.strip()
+
+            info = run_diffusion(
+                model=model,
+                tokenizer=tokenizer,
+                cfg=cfg,
+                prompt=prompt,
+                chat_template_str=chat_template_str,
+                mode=selected_mode,
+                target_mask_ratio=mratio if selected_mode == "random" else None,
+                completion_tokens=int(ctoks) if selected_mode == "completion" else 0,
+            )
+
+            masked_text = info.get("masked_text")
+            mask_ratio_val = info.get("mask_ratio")
+            generated_ids = info.get("generated_ids")
+            masked_positions = info.get("masked_positions") or set()
+            orig_ids = info.get("orig_ids") or []
+
+            preview = (
+                f"Masked ({mask_ratio_val:.1%}):\n{masked_text}"
+                if masked_text is not None and mask_ratio_val is not None
+                else ""
+            )
+            html = render_html(
+                generated_ids=generated_ids,
+                orig_ids=orig_ids,
+                masked_positions=masked_positions,
+                tokenizer=tokenizer,
+            )
+            return preview, html
+
+        run_btn.click(
+            _gen,
+            inputs=[instruction, mode, mask_ratio, completion_tokens],
+            outputs=[masked_preview, html_out],
+        )
+
+        demo.queue().launch(
+            show_api=False,
+            share=cfg.get("gradio_share", True),
+            server_name=cfg.get("gradio_server_name", "127.0.0.1"),
+            server_port=cfg.get("gradio_server_port", None),
+        )

src/axolotl/common/datasets.py

@@ -55,13 +55,11 @@ def load_datasets(
     """
     tokenizer = load_tokenizer(cfg)
     processor = load_processor(cfg, tokenizer=tokenizer) if cfg.processor_type else None
-    preprocess_iterable = getattr(cli_args, "iterable", False)
 
     train_dataset, eval_dataset, total_num_steps, prompters = prepare_datasets(
         cfg,
         tokenizer,
         processor=processor,
-        preprocess_iterable=preprocess_iterable,
     )
 
     if (

src/axolotl/core/builders/base.py

@@ -24,9 +24,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 
 import torch
-from transformers import (
+from transformers import TrainerCallback
-    TrainerCallback,
-)
 from transformers.trainer_pt_utils import AcceleratorConfig
 
 from axolotl.integrations.base import PluginManager
@@ -437,7 +435,7 @@ class TrainerBuilderBase(abc.ABC):
             # don't use the HF gradient checkpointing, manually wrap
             training_args_kwargs["gradient_checkpointing"] = False
             training_args_kwargs["activation_offloading"] = True
-        elif self.cfg.gradient_checkpointing:
+        elif self.cfg.gradient_checkpointing is not None:
             training_args_kwargs["gradient_checkpointing"] = (
                 self.cfg.gradient_checkpointing
             )
@@ -512,6 +510,7 @@ class TrainerBuilderBase(abc.ABC):
                 self.cfg.eval_batch_size
             )
 
+        training_args_kwargs["include_tkps"] = self.cfg.include_tkps
         training_args_kwargs["max_steps"] = self.cfg.max_steps or total_num_steps or -1
         training_args_kwargs["num_train_epochs"] = self.cfg.num_epochs
 

src/axolotl/core/builders/causal.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import transformers
 from transformers import (
     DataCollatorWithFlattening,
     EarlyStoppingCallback,
+    Trainer,
 )
 from trl.trainer.utils import RewardDataCollatorWithPadding
 
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ from axolotl.utils.callbacks import (
 )
 from axolotl.utils.callbacks.lisa import lisa_callback_factory
 from axolotl.utils.callbacks.qat import QATCallback
+from axolotl.utils.callbacks.tokens_per_second import TokensPerSecondCallback
 from axolotl.utils.chat_templates import get_chat_template_from_config
 from axolotl.utils.collators import (
     BatchSamplerDataCollatorForSeq2Seq,
@@ -74,6 +76,12 @@ class HFCausalTrainerBuilder(TrainerBuilderBase):
         if self.cfg.qat:
             callbacks.append(QATCallback(self.cfg.qat))
 
+        if self.cfg.include_tkps:
+            callbacks.append(
+                TokensPerSecondCallback(
+                    self.cfg.tensor_parallel_size, self.cfg.context_parallel_size
+                )
+            )
         return callbacks
 
     def get_post_trainer_create_callbacks(self, trainer):
@@ -340,6 +348,10 @@ class HFCausalTrainerBuilder(TrainerBuilderBase):
 
         if self.cfg.reward_model:
             training_args_cls = AxolotlRewardConfig
+            if self.cfg.center_rewards_coefficient is not None:
+                training_arguments_kwargs["center_rewards_coefficient"] = (
+                    self.cfg.center_rewards_coefficient
+                )
         elif self.cfg.process_reward_model:
             training_args_cls = AxolotlPRMConfig
         else:
@@ -383,10 +395,11 @@ class HFCausalTrainerBuilder(TrainerBuilderBase):
                 **data_collator_kwargs,
             )
         sig = inspect.signature(trainer_cls)
-        if "processing_class" in sig.parameters:
+        if "processing_class" in sig.parameters or issubclass(trainer_cls, Trainer):
             trainer_kwargs["processing_class"] = self.tokenizer
         elif "tokenizer" in sig.parameters:
             trainer_kwargs["tokenizer"] = self.tokenizer
+
         if (
             trainer_cls not in [AxolotlRewardTrainer, AxolotlPRMTrainer]
             and self.cfg.datasets is not None
@@ -404,6 +417,9 @@ class HFCausalTrainerBuilder(TrainerBuilderBase):
             **trainer_kwargs,
         )
         trainer = self.hook_post_create_trainer(trainer)
+        # if the trainer has the `axolotl_cfg` property, set it
+        if hasattr(trainer, "axolotl_cfg"):
+            trainer.axolotl_cfg = self.cfg
         for callback in self.get_post_trainer_create_callbacks(trainer):
             trainer.add_callback(callback)
 

src/axolotl/core/trainers/base.py

@@ -42,12 +42,20 @@ from axolotl.core.trainers.utils import (
 )
 from axolotl.utils import get_not_null
 from axolotl.utils.bench import get_gpu_memory_usage
+from axolotl.utils.dict import DictDefault
 from axolotl.utils.distributed import is_main_process
 from axolotl.utils.logging import get_logger
 from axolotl.utils.samplers import MultipackBatchSampler, get_dataset_lengths
 
 LOG = get_logger(__name__)
 
+REDUCTION_FNS = {
+    "mean": torch.mean,
+    "min": torch.min,
+    "max": torch.max,
+    "sum": torch.sum,
+}
+
 
 class AxolotlTrainer(
     PackingMixin,
@@ -63,6 +71,15 @@ class AxolotlTrainer(
 
     args = None  # type: "AxolotlTrainingArguments"  # type: ignore[name-defined]
     tag_names = ["axolotl"]
+    _axolotl_cfg: DictDefault | None = None
+
+    @property
+    def axolotl_cfg(self):
+        return self._axolotl_cfg
+
+    @axolotl_cfg.setter
+    def axolotl_cfg(self, cfg):
+        self._axolotl_cfg = cfg
 
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -78,9 +95,10 @@ class AxolotlTrainer(
         self._signature_columns = None  # workaround for pylint
 
         super().__init__(*_args, **kwargs)
-
         self.train_data_collator = self.data_collator
-        self._stored_metrics = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(list))
+        self._stored_metrics = defaultdict(
+            lambda: defaultdict(lambda: {"values": [], "reduction": "mean"})
+        )
         if self.args.orpo_alpha:
             self.loss_fct = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss(reduction="none")
 
@@ -327,6 +345,17 @@ class AxolotlTrainer(
         #     outputs = model(**inputs)
         #     loss = trainer_weighted_loss(outputs, labels, shift_labels=True)
         #     return (loss, outputs) if return_outputs else loss
+
+        # track number of tokens for tokens per second calculation
+        if self.args.include_tkps:
+            inputs_key = "labels" if "labels" in inputs else "input_ids"
+            if hasattr(self.state, "num_tokens"):
+                self.state.num_tokens = (
+                    self.state.num_tokens + (inputs[inputs_key] != -100).sum().cpu()
+                )
+            else:
+                self.state.num_tokens = (inputs[inputs_key] != -100).sum().cpu()
+
         if self.args.orpo_alpha:
             return self.orpo_compute_loss(
                 model,
@@ -342,6 +371,11 @@ class AxolotlTrainer(
             num_items_in_batch=num_items_in_batch,
         )
 
+    @override
+    def evaluate(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        LOG.info("Running evaluation step...")
+        return super().evaluate(*args, **kwargs)
+
     @staticmethod
     def orpo_concatenate_inputs(inputs, label_pad_token=-100, pad_token=0, device=None):
         concatenated_batch = {}
@@ -526,9 +560,6 @@ class AxolotlTrainer(
 
         super().create_accelerator_and_postprocess()
 
-        # now we need to put parallelism_config back on the PartialState since we rely on that info in other places
-        # PartialState().parallelism_config = self.accelerator.state.parallelism_config
-
         if self.is_fsdp_enabled:
             if (
                 "limit_all_gathers" in self.args.fsdp_config
@@ -568,29 +599,61 @@ class AxolotlTrainer(
         """
         # logs either has 'loss' or 'eval_loss'
         train_eval = "train" if "loss" in logs else "eval"
-        # Add averaged stored metrics to logs
+
-        for key, metrics in self._stored_metrics[train_eval].items():
+        for key, metric_data in self._stored_metrics[train_eval].items():
-            logs[key] = torch.tensor(metrics).mean().item()
+            values = torch.tensor(metric_data["values"])  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            reduction_type = metric_data["reduction"]
+
+            fn = REDUCTION_FNS.get(reduction_type)
+            if fn is None:
+                raise NotImplementedError(
+                    "Metric reduction must be one of [mean, min, max, sum]"
+                )
+            logs[key] = round(fn(values).item(), 4)
 
         if is_main_process():
             # Add memory usage
             try:
                 active, allocated, reserved = get_gpu_memory_usage()
-                logs["memory/max_mem_active(gib)"] = round(active, 2)
+                logs["memory/max_active (GiB)"] = round(active, 2)
-                logs["memory/max_mem_allocated(gib)"] = round(allocated, 2)
+                logs["memory/max_allocated (GiB)"] = round(allocated, 2)
-                logs["memory/device_mem_reserved(gib)"] = round(reserved, 2)
+                logs["memory/device_reserved (GiB)"] = round(reserved, 2)
             except (ValueError, TypeError, FileNotFoundError):
                 pass
 
+        if self.args.include_tkps and train_eval == "train":
+            # each rank will log its own tokens per second
+            # for logging_steps > 1 we obtain a moving average of this metric
+            logs["tokens_per_second_per_gpu"] = round(
+                self.state.last_tokens_per_second.item() / self.args.logging_steps, 2
+            )
+
         del self._stored_metrics[train_eval]
 
         return super().log(logs, start_time)
 
     def store_metrics(
-        self, metrics: dict[str, float], train_eval: Literal["train", "eval"] = "train"
+        self,
+        metrics: dict[str, float] | dict[str, tuple[int | float, str]],
+        train_eval: Literal["train", "eval"] = "train",
+        reduction: Literal["mean", "min", "max", "sum"] = "mean",
     ) -> None:
+        """
+        Store metrics with specified reduction type.
+
+        Args:
+            metrics: Dictionary of metric names to values, or metric names to (value,
+                reduction_type) tuples.
+            train_eval: Whether this is for training or evaluation.
+        """
         for key, value in metrics.items():
-            self._stored_metrics[train_eval][key].append(value)
+            if isinstance(value, tuple):
+                value, _reduction = value  # type: ignore[assignment]
+            else:
+                value, _reduction = value, reduction
+
+            self._stored_metrics[train_eval][key]["values"].append(value)
+            self._stored_metrics[train_eval][key]["reduction"] = _reduction
 
     def _save_checkpoint(self, model, trial, **kwargs):
         # make sure the checkpoint dir exists, since trainer is flakey
@@ -657,6 +720,11 @@ class AxolotlTrainer(
                 LOG.info(
                     "Saving Trainer.data_collator.tokenizer by default as Trainer.processing_class is `None`"
                 )
-                self.data_collator.tokenizer.save_pretrained(output_dir)
+                save_jinja_files = True
+                if self.axolotl_cfg:
+                    save_jinja_files = self.axolotl_cfg.tokenizer_save_jinja_files
+                self.data_collator.tokenizer.save_pretrained(
+                    output_dir, save_jinja_files=save_jinja_files
+                )
             # Good practice: save your training arguments together with the trained model
             torch.save(self.args, os.path.join(output_dir, TRAINING_ARGS_NAME))

src/axolotl/core/training_args_base.py

@@ -49,6 +49,12 @@ class AxolotlTrainingMixins:
         default=False,
         metadata={"help": "Use real batches for efficient training."},
     )
+    include_tkps: bool = field(
+        default=True,
+        metadata={
+            "help": "Whether to include tokens per second in the training metrics."
+        },
+    )
     eval_sample_packing: Optional[bool] = field(
         default=None,
         metadata={"help": "Use sample packing for efficient evals."},

src/axolotl/datasets.py

@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
-"""Module containing Dataset functionality"""
+"""
+Module containing dataset functionality.
+
+We want this to be a wrapper for an existing dataset that we have loaded. Lets use the
+concept of middlewares to wrap each dataset. We'll use the collators later on to pad the
+datasets.
+"""
 
-import torch
 from datasets import Dataset, IterableDataset
 
 from axolotl.utils.logging import get_logger
 
 from .prompt_tokenizers import PromptTokenizingStrategy
 
-# We want this to be a wrapper for an existing dataset that we have loaded
-# lets use the concept of middlewares to wrap each dataset, for example
-# ConstantLengthDataset(ShuffledDataset([TokenizedPromptDataset(alpaca_dataset)]))
-# let's check to ensure we don't truncate an item in the middle, we'll use
-# the collators later on to pad the datasets
-
 LOG = get_logger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -86,133 +85,3 @@ def wrap_dataset_for_tokenized_prompt(
             **map_kwargs,
         )
     return TokenizedPromptDataset(prompt_tokenizer, dataset, **kwargs)
-
-
-# TODO this isn't the best since it can't interleave datasets
-class ConstantLengthDataset(IterableDataset):
-    """Iterable dataset that returns constant length chunks of tokens from stream of
-    text files.
-
-    Args:
-        tokenizer: The processor used for processing the data.
-        dataset: Dataset with text files.
-        seq_length: Length of token sequences to return.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        tokenizer,
-        datasets,
-        seq_length=2048,
-    ):
-        self.tokenizer = tokenizer
-        self.concat_token_id = tokenizer.eos_token_id
-        self.datasets: list[IterableDataset] = datasets
-        self.seq_length = seq_length
-
-        vocab_size = len(tokenizer.get_vocab())
-
-        if vocab_size <= torch.iinfo(torch.int16).max:
-            self.tokens_dtype = torch.int16
-        elif vocab_size <= torch.iinfo(torch.int32).max:
-            self.tokens_dtype = torch.int32
-        else:
-            self.tokens_dtype = torch.int64
-
-    def __iter__(self):
-        buffer = {
-            "input_ids": [],
-            "attention_mask": [],
-            "labels": [],
-            "position_ids": [],
-        }
-        buffer_len = 0
-        for dataset in self.datasets:
-            idx = 0
-            iterator = iter(dataset)
-            more_examples = True
-            while more_examples:
-                try:
-                    example = next(iterator)
-                    idx += 1
-                except StopIteration:
-                    more_examples = False
-                    example = None
-
-                add_concat_token = False
-                if example:
-                    example_len = len(example["input_ids"])
-                    add_concat_token = example["input_ids"][-1] != self.concat_token_id
-                else:
-                    example_len = 0
-
-                if not example_len or (
-                    buffer_len + int(add_concat_token) + example_len > self.seq_length
-                ):
-                    if buffer["input_ids"]:
-                        input_ids = torch.cat(buffer["input_ids"], dim=-1)[
-                            : self.seq_length
-                        ]
-                        attention_mask = torch.cat(buffer["attention_mask"], dim=-1)[
-                            : self.seq_length
-                        ]
-                        position_ids = torch.cat(buffer["position_ids"], dim=-1)[
-                            : self.seq_length
-                        ]
-                        labels = torch.cat(buffer["labels"], dim=-1)[: self.seq_length]
-                        if labels.size() == input_ids.size() and (
-                            attention_mask.size() == input_ids.size()
-                        ):
-                            yield {
-                                "input_ids": input_ids,
-                                "labels": labels,
-                                "attention_mask": attention_mask,
-                                "position_ids": position_ids,
-                            }
-                        else:
-                            LOG.warning(
-                                "Dropping batch due to tensor size mismatch "
-                                f"input_ids: {input_ids.size()}, "
-                                f"labels: {labels.size()}, "
-                                f"attention_mask: {attention_mask.size()}"
-                            )
-                    buffer = {
-                        "input_ids": [],
-                        "attention_mask": [],
-                        "labels": [],
-                        "position_ids": [],
-                    }
-                    buffer_len = 0
-                    idx = 1
-
-                if example:
-                    # FIXME
-                    # just going to drop data points that are too long
-                    if len(example["input_ids"]) <= self.seq_length:
-                        input_ids = example["input_ids"]
-                        attention_mask = example["attention_mask"]
-                        labels = example["labels"]
-
-                        if add_concat_token:
-                            input_ids.append(self.concat_token_id)
-                            attention_mask.append(1)
-                            labels.append(self.concat_token_id)
-
-                        input_ids_with_concat = torch.tensor(
-                            input_ids, dtype=self.tokens_dtype
-                        )
-                        attention_mask_with_concat = torch.tensor(
-                            [idx * m for m in attention_mask], dtype=torch.int16
-                        )
-                        labels_with_concat = torch.tensor(
-                            labels, dtype=self.tokens_dtype
-                        )
-                        position_ids = torch.arange(
-                            len(input_ids), dtype=self.tokens_dtype
-                        )
-
-                        buffer["input_ids"].append(input_ids_with_concat)
-                        buffer["attention_mask"].append(attention_mask_with_concat)
-                        buffer["labels"].append(labels_with_concat)
-                        buffer["position_ids"].append(position_ids)
-                        buffer_len += len(input_ids)

src/axolotl/integrations/base.py

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ class BasePlugin:
             model: The loaded model.
         """
 
-    def get_trainer_cls(self, cfg: DictDefault) -> Trainer | None:
+    def get_trainer_cls(self, cfg: DictDefault) -> type[Trainer] | None:
         """Returns a custom class for the trainer.
 
         Args:

src/axolotl/integrations/config.py

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ from typing import Any, Dict, List, Type
 
 from axolotl.utils.schemas.config import (
     AxolotlConfigWCapabilities as AxolotlConfigWCapabilitiesBase,
+    AxolotlInputConfig as AxolotlInputConfigBase,
 )
-from axolotl.utils.schemas.config import AxolotlInputConfig as AxolotlInputConfigBase
 
 
 def merge_input_args():

src/axolotl/integrations/cut_cross_entropy/README.md

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ python scripts/cutcrossentropy_install.py | sh
 
 - If you are installing from pip
 ```bash
-pip3 uninstall -y cut-cross-entropy && pip3 install "cut-cross-entropy[transformers] @ git+https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/ml-cross-entropy.git@0ee9ee8"
+pip3 uninstall -y cut-cross-entropy && pip3 install "cut-cross-entropy[transformers] @ git+https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/ml-cross-entropy.git@c6a32c5"
 ```
 
 ## Usage
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ plugins:
 - arcee
 - cohere
 - cohere2
+- deepseek_v3
 - gemma
 - gemma2
 - gemma3
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ plugins:
 - gemma3n_text
 - glm
 - glm4
+- glm4_moe
 - gpt_oss
 - granite
 - granitemoe
@@ -64,6 +66,7 @@ plugins:
 - qwen3
 - qwen3_moe
 - smollm3
+- seed_oss
 - voxtral
 
 ## Citation

src/axolotl/integrations/cut_cross_entropy/__init__.py

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ LOG = get_logger(__name__)
 
 _CCE_INSTALL_MESSAGE = (
     "Please install Axolotl's fork of cut_cross_entropy with transformers support using "
-    '`pip install "cut-cross-entropy[transformers] @ git+https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/ml-cross-entropy.git@0ee9ee8"`'
+    '`pip install "cut-cross-entropy[transformers] @ git+https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/ml-cross-entropy.git@c6a32c5"`'
 )
 
 

src/axolotl/integrations/diffusion/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# Diffusion LM Training Plugin for Axolotl
+
+This plugin enables diffusion language model training using an approach inspired by
+LLaDA (Large Language Diffusion Models) within Axolotl.
+
+## Overview
+
+LLaDA is a diffusion-based approach to language model training that uses:
+- **Random token masking** during training instead of next-token prediction
+- **Bidirectional attention** to allow the model to attend to the full context
+- **Importance weighting** based on masking probabilities for stable training
+
+This approach can lead to more robust language models with better understanding of
+bidirectional context.
+
+## Installation
+
+The plugin is included with Axolotl. See our
+[installation docs](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/installation.html).
+
+## Quickstart
+
+Train with an example config (Llama‑3.2 1B):
+   - Pretrain: `axolotl train examples/llama-3/diffusion-3.2-1b-pretrain.yaml`
+   - SFT: `axolotl train examples/llama-3/diffusion-3.2-1b-sft.yaml`
+
+### Basic Configuration
+
+You can also modify your existing configs to enable / customize diffusion training.
+
+Add the following to your Axolotl config:
+
+```yaml
+# Enable diffusion LM training plugin
+plugins:
+  - axolotl.integrations.diffusion.DiffusionPlugin
+```
+
+And, configure the nested `diffusion` block (defaults shown):
+
+```yaml
+diffusion:
+  noise_schedule: linear  # or "cosine"
+  min_mask_ratio: 0.1
+  max_mask_ratio: 0.9
+  num_diffusion_steps: 128
+  eps: 1e-3
+  importance_weighting: true
+
+  # Mask token (training auto-adds if missing, avoid pad/eos)
+  mask_token_str: "<|diffusion_mask|>"
+  # Or use an existing special token id (e.g., 128002 for Llama-3.x)
+  # mask_token_id: 128002
+
+  # Sample generation during training (optional)
+  generate_samples: true
+  generation_interval: 100
+  num_generation_samples: 3
+  generation_steps: 128
+  generation_temperature: 0.0
+  generation_max_length: 100
+```
+
+## Supported Models
+
+Any models that support 4D attention masks should work out of the box. If not, please
+create an [issue](https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/axolotl/issues) or open a
+[PR](https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/axolotl/compare)!
+
+## How It Works
+
+### Random Masking
+During training, tokens are randomly masked:
+- Sample timestep `t` uniformly from [0, 1]
+- Calculate masking probability: `p = (1 - eps) * t + eps`
+- Randomly mask tokens with probability `p`
+
+### Diffusion Loss
+
+Loss is computed only on masked tokens with (optional) importance weighting:
+
+```python
+loss = sum(cross_entropy(pred, target) / p_mask) / total_tokens
+```
+
+## Sample Generation
+
+When `diffusion.generate_samples: true`, the plugin generates samples during training:
+
+```
+Sample 1:
+   Original (45 tokens): The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog...
+   Masked (18/45 tokens, 40.0%): The [MASK] [MASK] fox [MASK] over [MASK] lazy [MASK]...
+   Generated: The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog...
+```
+
+Samples are logged to console and wandb (if enabled).
+
+## Inference
+
+Diffusion inference is integrated into the standard Axolotl CLI. Use the same config
+you trained with and run:
+
+```
+axolotl inference path/to/your-config.yaml
+```
+
+Optionally, pass `--gradio` to use a simple web interface.
+
+Interactive controls (prefix the prompt with commands):
+- `:complete N` → completion mode with N new masked tokens appended (default 64)
+- `:mask R` → random masking mode with target mask ratio R in [0.0, 1.0]
+
+Example session:
+
+```
+================================================================================
+Commands:
+:complete N -> completion mode with N tokens (default 64)
+:mask R     -> random masking with ratio R (0.0–1.0)
+================================================================================
+Give me an instruction (Ctrl + D to submit):
+
+:mask 0.4 The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
+
+Masked (40.0%):
+The [MASK] brown [MASK] jumps over the [MASK] dog
+
+Generated:
+The quick brown fox jumps over the loud dog
+```
+
+## Metrics and Monitoring
+
+The plugin adds (or modifies) several metrics to track diffusion training:
+
+- `train/loss`: Weighted diffusion loss
+- `train/accuracy`: Accuracy on masked tokens
+- `train/mask_ratio`: Average fraction of tokens masked
+- `train/num_masked_tokens`: Number of tokens masked
+- `train/avg_p_mask`: Average masking probability
+- `train/ce_loss`: Unweighted cross-entropy loss
+- `train/importance_weight_avg`: Average importance weight
+
+## Limitations
+
+- No flash attention support
+- No RL training support
+
+## References
+
+- [LLaDA Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.10406)
+- [Axolotl Documentation](https://docs.axolotl.ai/)
+- [API reference for plugin](https://docs.axolotl.ai/docs/api/integrations.diffusion.args.html#axolotl.integrations.diffusion.args)

src/axolotl/integrations/diffusion/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+"""Diffusion LM training plugin init."""
+
+from .args import DiffusionArgs, DiffusionConfig
+from .callbacks import DiffusionGenerationCallback
+from .generation import generate
+from .plugin import DiffusionPlugin
+from .trainer import DiffusionTrainer
+from .utils import create_bidirectional_attention_mask, resolve_mask_token_id
+
+__all__ = [
+    "DiffusionArgs",
+    "DiffusionPlugin",
+    "DiffusionTrainer",
+    "generate",
+    "resolve_mask_token_id",
+    "create_bidirectional_attention_mask",
+    "DiffusionGenerationCallback",
+    "DiffusionConfig",
+]

src/axolotl/integrations/diffusion/args.py

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+"""Config args for diffusion LM training (nested under `diffusion:`)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Literal
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, model_validator
+
+
+class DiffusionConfig(BaseModel):
+    """Nested diffusion configuration available under the `diffusion` key."""
+
+    # Noise schedule config
+    noise_schedule: Literal["linear", "cosine"] = Field(
+        default="linear", description="Type of noise schedule for diffusion training"
+    )
+    min_mask_ratio: float = Field(
+        default=0.1,
+        ge=0.0,
+        le=1.0,
+        description="Minimum masking ratio for diffusion noise schedule",
+    )
+    max_mask_ratio: float = Field(
+        default=0.9,
+        ge=0.0,
+        le=1.0,
+        description="Maximum masking ratio for diffusion noise schedule",
+    )
+    num_diffusion_steps: int = Field(
+        default=128, ge=1, description="Number of diffusion timesteps"
+    )
+    eps: float = Field(
+        default=1e-3,
+        ge=0.0,
+        le=1.0,
+        description="Epsilon value for minimum masking probability in forward process",
+    )
+
+    # Training config
+    importance_weighting: bool = Field(
+        default=True,
+        description="Apply importance weighting to loss based on masking probability",
+    )
+    mask_token_id: int | None = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description=(
+            "Token ID to use for masking. Unset by default; can use one of the "
+            "tokenizer's special tokens here."
+        ),
+    )
+    mask_token_str: str | None = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description=(
+            "Token string to use as a mask. If `mask_token_id` is invalid or unset, "
+            "this token will be ensured to exist as an additional special token and "
+            "used. If absent, a default '<|diffusion_mask|>' will be added."
+        ),
+    )
+
+    # Sample generation config
+    generate_samples: bool = Field(
+        default=True, description="Enable sample generation during training"
+    )
+    generation_interval: int = Field(
+        default=100, ge=1, description="Generate samples every N steps"
+    )
+    num_generation_samples: int = Field(
+        default=3, ge=1, description="Number of samples to generate each time"
+    )
+    generation_steps: int = Field(
+        default=128, ge=1, description="Number of diffusion steps for generation"
+    )
+    generation_temperature: float = Field(
+        default=0.0,
+        ge=0.0,
+        description="Temperature for generation sampling (0.0 = deterministic)",
+    )
+    generation_max_length: int = Field(
+        default=100, ge=1, description="Maximum sequence length for generation"
+    )
+
+    @model_validator(mode="after")
+    def _validate_mask_ratios(self) -> "DiffusionConfig":
+        if self.min_mask_ratio > self.max_mask_ratio:
+            raise ValueError("min_mask_ratio must be ≤ max_mask_ratio")
+        return self
+
+
+class DiffusionArgs(BaseModel):
+    """Plugin entry that exposes the nested `diffusion` block to the core config."""
+
+    diffusion: DiffusionConfig = Field(
+        default_factory=DiffusionConfig,
+        description="Diffusion training configuration. Only nested block is supported.",
+    )

src/axolotl/integrations/diffusion/callbacks.py

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+"""Callbacks for diffusion training."""
+
+import logging
+import sys
+
+import wandb
+from colorama import Fore, Style
+from transformers.trainer_callback import TrainerCallback, TrainerControl, TrainerState
+from transformers.training_args import TrainingArguments
+
+from .generation import generate_samples
+
+# Simpler logger for more readable sample generation
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+if not logger.handlers:
+    handler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
+    handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter("%(message)s"))
+    logger.addHandler(handler)
+    logger.propagate = False
+logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+
+
+class DiffusionGenerationCallback(TrainerCallback):
+    """Callback for generating samples during diffusion training."""
+
+    def __init__(self, trainer):
+        self.trainer = trainer
+
+    def on_step_end(
+        self,
+        args: TrainingArguments,
+        state: TrainerState,
+        control: TrainerControl,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Generate samples at specified intervals."""
+        if (
+            state.global_step > 0
+            and state.global_step % self.trainer.cfg.diffusion.generation_interval == 0
+        ):
+            if not self.trainer.state.is_world_process_zero:
+                return
+
+            # Use eval dataloader if available, otherwise use train dataloader
+            dataloader = None
+            try:
+                if getattr(self.trainer, "eval_dataset", None) is not None:
+                    dataloader = self.trainer.get_eval_dataloader()
+            except Exception:
+                dataloader = None
+            if dataloader is None:
+                dataloader = self.trainer.get_train_dataloader()
+
+            # Generate samples
+            diffusion_cfg = self.trainer.cfg.diffusion
+            samples = generate_samples(
+                model=self.trainer.model,
+                tokenizer=self.trainer.processing_class,
+                dataloader=dataloader,
+                num_generation_samples=diffusion_cfg.num_generation_samples,
+                max_length=diffusion_cfg.generation_max_length,
+                num_diffusion_steps=diffusion_cfg.generation_steps,
+                temperature=diffusion_cfg.generation_temperature,
+                mask_token_id=diffusion_cfg.mask_token_id,
+            )
+
+            # Log samples
+            self._log_samples(samples, state.global_step)
+
+    def _log_samples(self, samples: list, step: int):
+        """Log generated samples."""
+        if not samples:
+            return
+
+        logger.info("=" * 60)
+        logger.info("GENERATED SAMPLES")
+        logger.info("=" * 60)
+
+        for i, sample_data in enumerate(samples, 1):
+            original = sample_data["original"]
+            masked = sample_data["masked"]
+            generated = sample_data["generated"]
+            mask_ratio = sample_data["mask_ratio"]
+            masked_tokens = sample_data["masked_tokens"]
+            total_tokens = sample_data["total_tokens"]
+
+            logger.info(f"\nSample {i}:")
+            logger.info(f"\tOriginal ({total_tokens} tokens): {original}")
+            logger.info(
+                f"\tMasked ({masked_tokens}/{total_tokens} tokens, "
+                f"{mask_ratio:.1%}): {masked}"
+            )
+
+            try:
+                gen_ids = sample_data.get("generated_ids")
+                orig_ids = sample_data.get("orig_ids")
+                masked_positions = set(sample_data.get("masked_positions") or [])
+                if isinstance(gen_ids, list) and isinstance(orig_ids, list):
+                    styles: list[str] = []
+                    for i, tid in enumerate(gen_ids):
+                        if i in masked_positions:
+                            if i < len(orig_ids) and tid == orig_ids[i]:
+                                styles.append("green")
+                            elif i < len(orig_ids):
+                                styles.append("red")
+                            else:
+                                styles.append("normal")
+                        else:
+                            same = i < len(orig_ids) and tid == orig_ids[i]
+                            styles.append("dim" if same else "normal")
+
+                    spans: list[tuple[str, int, int]] = []
+                    if gen_ids:
+                        cur = styles[0]
+                        start = 0
+                        for i in range(1, len(gen_ids)):
+                            s = styles[i]
+                            if s != cur:
+                                spans.append((cur, start, i))
+                                cur, start = s, i
+                        spans.append((cur, start, len(gen_ids)))
+
+                    parts = []
+                    for style_name, a, b in spans:
+                        chunk_text = self.trainer.processing_class.decode(
+                            gen_ids[a:b], skip_special_tokens=False
+                        )
+                        if style_name == "green":
+                            parts.append(Fore.GREEN + chunk_text + Style.RESET_ALL)
+                        elif style_name == "red":
+                            parts.append(Fore.RED + chunk_text + Style.RESET_ALL)
+                        else:
+                            if style_name == "dim":
+                                parts.append(Style.DIM + chunk_text + Style.RESET_ALL)
+                            else:
+                                parts.append(chunk_text)
+                    logger.info("\tGenerated:\n%s", "".join(parts))
+                else:
+                    logger.info(f"\tGenerated: {generated}")
+            except Exception:
+                logger.info(f"\tGenerated: {generated}")
+
+        logger.info("=" * 60)
+
+        if self.trainer.cfg.use_wandb:
+            if wandb.run is not None:
+                wandb.log(
+                    {
+                        "generated_samples": wandb.Table(
+                            columns=[
+                                "step",
+                                "original",
+                                "masked",
+                                "generated",
+                                "mask_ratio",
+                                "masked_tokens",
+                                "total_tokens",
+                            ],
+                            data=[
+                                [
+                                    step,
+                                    sample["original"],
+                                    sample["masked"],
+                                    sample["generated"],
+                                    f"{sample['mask_ratio']:.1%}",
+                                    sample["masked_tokens"],
+                                    sample["total_tokens"],
+                                ]
+                                for sample in samples
+                            ],
+                        )
+                    },
+                    step=step,
+                )

src/axolotl/integrations/diffusion/generation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+"""Sample generation utilities for diffusion training."""
+
+import re
+from typing import Any, List, Literal, Optional
+
+import torch
+
+from axolotl.utils.logging import get_logger
+
+from .utils import create_bidirectional_attention_mask
+
+LOG = get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+def generate_samples(
+    model: torch.nn.Module,
+    tokenizer: Any,
+    dataloader: Optional[Any] = None,
+    num_generation_samples: int = 3,
+    max_length: int = 100,
+    num_diffusion_steps: int = 128,
+    temperature: float = 0.0,
+    mask_token_id: int = 32000,
+    mode: Literal["random", "completion"] = "random",
+    completion_tokens: int = 0,
+    target_mask_ratio: Optional[float] = None,
+) -> List[dict]:
+    """
+    Generate text samples using the diffusion model by randomly masking sequences from
+    the given dataset and running the reverse diffusion process.
+
+    Args:
+        model: The wrapped or unwrapped model
+        tokenizer: Tokenizer for encoding/decoding
+        dataloader: Validation dataloader (for sampling sequences)
+        num_generation_samples: Number of samples to generate
+        max_length: Maximum length of sequences to use
+        num_diffusion_steps: Number of diffusion steps for generation
+        temperature: Temperature for sampling (0.0 = deterministic)
+        mask_token_id: Token ID used for masking
+
+    Returns:
+        List of dictionaries with original text, masked text, and generated text
+    """
+    if dataloader is None:
+        LOG.warning("No validation dataloader provided, cannot generate samples")
+        return []
+
+    unwrapped_model = model.module if hasattr(model, "module") else model
+    training = unwrapped_model.training
+    unwrapped_model.eval()
+
+    # Resolve device robustly (some modules don't expose `.device`)
+    device = getattr(unwrapped_model, "device", None)
+    if device is None:
+        try:
+            device = next(unwrapped_model.parameters()).device
+        except StopIteration:
+            device = torch.device("cpu")
+    generations = []
+
+    # Sample sequences from validation dataset
+    sampled_sequences = _sample_sequences_from_dataloader(
+        dataloader, num_generation_samples, max_length, device
+    )
+    LOG.info(f"Sampled {len(sampled_sequences)} sequences from validation dataset")
+
+    # Generate samples using reverse diffusion process
+    with torch.no_grad():
+        for sample in sampled_sequences:
+            if isinstance(sample, dict):
+                original_sequence = sample.get("input_ids")
+                labels_seq = sample.get("labels")
+                attn_seq = sample.get("attention_mask")
+            else:
+                original_sequence = sample
+                labels_seq = None
+                attn_seq = None
+            generation_result = generate(
+                unwrapped_model,
+                tokenizer,
+                original_sequence,
+                num_diffusion_steps,
+                temperature,
+                mask_token_id,
+                mode=mode,
+                completion_tokens=completion_tokens,
+                target_mask_ratio=target_mask_ratio,
+                labels=labels_seq,
+                attention_mask=attn_seq,
+            )
+            generations.append(generation_result)
+
+    # Restore prior training state
+    if training:
+        unwrapped_model.train()
+    else:
+        unwrapped_model.eval()
+
+    return generations
+
+
+def _sample_sequences_from_dataloader(
+    dataloader: Any, num_samples: int, max_length: int, device: torch.device
+) -> List[Any]:
+    """Sample sequences from validation dataloader."""
+    sampled_sequences: list[dict[str, torch.Tensor] | torch.Tensor] = []
+    sample_count = 0
+
+    # Skip a random number of batches (we could be more clever about this)
+    skip_batches = torch.randint(0, 10, (1,)).item()
+    batch_count = 0
+
+    for batch in dataloader:
+        # Skip some batches for variety
+        if batch_count < skip_batches:
+            batch_count += 1
+            continue
+
+        if sample_count >= num_samples:
+            break
+
+        batch_count += 1
+        input_ids = batch["input_ids"]
+        attention_mask = batch.get("attention_mask")
+        labels = batch.get("labels")
+
+        # Randomly sample from sequences in this batch
+        batch_indices = torch.randperm(input_ids.size(0)).tolist()
+
+        for i in batch_indices:
+            if sample_count >= num_samples:
+                break
+
+            # Get actual sequence length (non-padded)
+            if attention_mask is not None:
+                seq_len = attention_mask[i].sum().item()
+            else:
+                seq_len = input_ids.size(1)
+
+            if seq_len < 10:
+                continue
+
+            # Determine truncation length
+            max_total = min(seq_len, max_length)
+            if labels is not None:
+                labels_i = labels[i][:seq_len]
+                answer_mask = labels_i != -100
+                if not answer_mask.any():
+                    # No answer tokens; skip for SFT masking
+                    continue
+                first_ans_idx = int(
+                    torch.nonzero(answer_mask, as_tuple=False)[0].item()
+                )
+                prompt_len = first_ans_idx
+                if prompt_len >= max_total:
+                    # Prompt alone reaches cap; cannot include any answer
+                    continue
+                remaining_answer = int(answer_mask[prompt_len:].sum().item())
+                allowed_answer = max_total - prompt_len
+                take_answer = min(remaining_answer, allowed_answer)
+                if take_answer <= 0:
+                    continue
+                actual_length = prompt_len + take_answer
+            else:
+                actual_length = max_total
+
+            # Extract the (possibly truncated) sequence
+            sequence = input_ids[i][:actual_length].unsqueeze(0).to(device)
+            attn_seq = (
+                attention_mask[i][:actual_length].unsqueeze(0).to(device)
+                if attention_mask is not None
+                else None
+            )
+            if labels is not None:
+                labels_seq = labels[i][:actual_length].unsqueeze(0).to(device)
+                sampled_sequences.append(
+                    {
+                        "input_ids": sequence,
+                        "labels": labels_seq,
+                        "attention_mask": attn_seq,
+                    }
+                )
+            else:
+                if attn_seq is not None:
+                    sampled_sequences.append(
+                        {"input_ids": sequence, "attention_mask": attn_seq}
+                    )
+                else:
+                    sampled_sequences.append(sequence)
+            sample_count += 1
+
+    return sampled_sequences
+
+
+def generate(
+    model: torch.nn.Module,
+    tokenizer: Any,
+    original_sequence: torch.Tensor,
+    num_diffusion_steps: int,
+    temperature: float,
+    mask_token_id: int,
+    *,
+    mode: Literal["random", "completion"] = "random",
+    completion_tokens: int = 0,
+    target_mask_ratio: Optional[float] = None,
+    labels: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+    attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+) -> dict:
+    """Generate a single sample using reverse diffusion."""
+    # Get original text for comparison
+    original_text = tokenizer.decode(
+        original_sequence[0].cpu(), skip_special_tokens=True
+    )
+
+    # Build masked sequence
+    if (
+        labels is not None
+        and labels.numel() > 0
+        and (labels == -100).any()
+        and (labels != -100).any()
+    ):
+        # SFT case: completely mask all answer tokens (labels != -100)
+        total_tokens = original_sequence.size(1)
+        masked_indices = (labels != -100).to(dtype=torch.bool)
+        masked_sequence = original_sequence.clone()
+        masked_sequence[masked_indices] = mask_token_id
+        masked_tokens = int(masked_indices.sum().item())
+        mask_ratio = masked_tokens / max(int(total_tokens), 1)
+    elif mode == "completion" and completion_tokens > 0:
+        # Append mask tokens to the right for completion
+        total_tokens = original_sequence.size(1) + int(completion_tokens)
+        masked_indices = torch.zeros(
+            1, total_tokens, dtype=torch.bool, device=original_sequence.device
+        )
+        masked_indices[0, -int(completion_tokens) :] = True
+
+        append = torch.full(
+            (1, int(completion_tokens)), mask_token_id, device=original_sequence.device
+        )
+        masked_sequence = torch.cat([original_sequence, append], dim=1)
+        masked_tokens = int(completion_tokens)
+        mask_ratio = masked_tokens / total_tokens
+    else:
+        # Apply random masking with optional fixed ratio
+        total_tokens = original_sequence.size(1)
+        if target_mask_ratio is None:
+            min_ratio, max_ratio = 0.1, 0.7
+            target_mask_ratio = (
+                torch.rand(1).item() * (max_ratio - min_ratio) + min_ratio
+            )
+        target_masked_tokens = max(1, int(total_tokens * float(target_mask_ratio)))
+
+        # Create random mask indices
+        mask_positions = torch.randperm(total_tokens)[:target_masked_tokens]
+        masked_indices = torch.zeros(
+            1, total_tokens, dtype=torch.bool, device=original_sequence.device
+        )
+        masked_indices[0, mask_positions] = True
+
+        # Create masked sequence
+        masked_sequence = original_sequence.clone()
+        masked_sequence[masked_indices] = mask_token_id
+
+        # Calculate actual mask ratio
+        masked_tokens = masked_indices.sum().item()
+        mask_ratio = masked_tokens / total_tokens
+
+    # Get masked text for comparison
+    masked_text = tokenizer.decode(masked_sequence[0].cpu(), skip_special_tokens=False)
+    masked_text = _clean_masked_text(masked_text, tokenizer, mask_token_id)
+
+    # Run reverse diffusion process
+    sequence = masked_sequence.clone()
+    attention_mask = create_bidirectional_attention_mask(
+        sequence, attention_mask, sample_packing=attention_mask is not None
+    )
+    for step in range(num_diffusion_steps):
+        sequence = _diffusion_step(
+            model,
+            sequence,
+            step,
+            num_diffusion_steps,
+            temperature,
+            mask_token_id,
+            attention_mask,
+        )
+    generated_text = tokenizer.decode(sequence[0].cpu(), skip_special_tokens=True)
+
+    # Collect diagnostic info
+    final_ids = sequence[0].detach().cpu().tolist()
+    orig_ids_for_render = original_sequence[0].detach().cpu().tolist()
+    if masked_indices is not None:
+        masked_positions = (
+            torch.where(masked_indices[0])[0].detach().cpu().tolist()
+            if masked_indices.ndim == 2
+            else []
+        )
+    else:
+        masked_positions = []
+
+    result = {
+        "original": original_text,
+        "masked": masked_text,
+        "generated": generated_text,
+        "mask_ratio": mask_ratio,
+        "masked_tokens": masked_tokens,
+        "total_tokens": total_tokens,
+        "generated_ids": final_ids,
+        "masked_positions": masked_positions,
+        "orig_ids": orig_ids_for_render,
+        "formatted": (
+            f"Original: '{original_text}' → Masked: '{masked_text}' "
+            f"({mask_ratio:.1%}) → Generated: '{generated_text}'"
+        ),
+    }
+
+    return result
+
+
+def _clean_masked_text(masked_text: str, tokenizer: Any, mask_token_id: int) -> str:
+    """Clean up masked text for display."""
+    mask_token_repr = tokenizer.decode([mask_token_id], skip_special_tokens=False)
+    cleaned = masked_text.replace(mask_token_repr, "[MASK]")
+
+    # Remove literal special token strings
+    if hasattr(tokenizer, "special_tokens_map"):
+        for token_value in tokenizer.special_tokens_map.values():
+            if token_value and isinstance(token_value, str):
+                cleaned = cleaned.replace(token_value, "")
+
+    # Normalize whitespace but preserve newlines
+    cleaned = cleaned.replace("\r\n", "\n").replace("\r", "\n")
+    cleaned = re.sub(r"[ \t]+", " ", cleaned)
+    cleaned = "\n".join(line.rstrip() for line in cleaned.split("\n")).strip()
+    return cleaned
+
+
+def _diffusion_step(
+    model: torch.nn.Module,
+    sequence: torch.Tensor,
+    step: int,
+    num_diffusion_steps: int,
+    temperature: float,
+    mask_token_id: int,
+    attention_mask: torch.Tensor | None = None,
+) -> torch.Tensor:
+    """Perform a single diffusion step with remasking."""
+    # Only process if there are masked tokens remaining
+    current_mask = sequence == mask_token_id
+    if not current_mask.any():
+        return sequence
+
+    # Create or use provided attention mask
+    if attention_mask is None:
+        batch_size, seq_len = sequence.shape
+        attention_mask = torch.ones(
+            batch_size, 1, seq_len, seq_len, dtype=torch.bool, device=sequence.device
+        )
+
+    # Forward pass
+    outputs = model(input_ids=sequence, attention_mask=attention_mask)
+    logits = outputs.logits
+
+    # Only sample at currently masked positions
+    if current_mask.any():
+        masked_logits = logits[current_mask]
+
+        # Apply temperature scaling
+        if temperature > 0:
+            scaled_logits = masked_logits / temperature
+        else:
+            scaled_logits = masked_logits
+
+        # Suppress mask token in outputs
+        scaled_logits[:, mask_token_id] = -float("inf")
+
+        if temperature > 0:
+            # Add Gumbel noise for sampling
+            gumbel_noise = -torch.log(
+                -torch.log(torch.rand_like(scaled_logits, dtype=torch.float32))
+            )
+            gumbel_logits = scaled_logits + gumbel_noise
+            predicted_tokens = torch.argmax(gumbel_logits, dim=-1)
+        else:
+            predicted_tokens = torch.argmax(scaled_logits, dim=-1)
+
+        # Calculate probabilities for confidence scoring
+        probs = torch.softmax(scaled_logits, dim=-1)
+        predicted_token_probs = probs[range(len(predicted_tokens)), predicted_tokens]
+
+        # Determine how many tokens to unmask this step
+        remaining_masked = current_mask.sum().item()
+        if step == num_diffusion_steps - 1:
+            num_to_unmask = remaining_masked
+        else:
+            unmask_ratio = 1.0 / (num_diffusion_steps - step)
+            num_to_unmask = max(1, int(remaining_masked * unmask_ratio))
+
+        # Select highest confidence predictions to unmask
+        if num_to_unmask >= remaining_masked:
+            sequence[current_mask] = predicted_tokens
+        else:
+            _, top_indices = predicted_token_probs.topk(num_to_unmask)
+            mask_positions = torch.where(current_mask)[1]
+            positions_to_unmask = mask_positions[top_indices]
+            sequence[0, positions_to_unmask] = predicted_tokens[top_indices]
+
+    return sequence

src/axolotl/integrations/diffusion/plugin.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+"""Diffusion LM training plugin for Axolotl."""
+
+from peft import PeftModel
+from transformers import PreTrainedModel
+
+from axolotl.integrations.base import BasePlugin
+from axolotl.utils.dict import DictDefault
+from axolotl.utils.logging import get_logger
+
+from .trainer import DiffusionTrainer
+
+LOG = get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+class DiffusionPlugin(BasePlugin):
+    """
+    Plugin for diffusion language model training.
+
+    This plugin enables diffusion-based training using the LLaDA approach, which uses
+    random masking and bidirectional attention to train language models.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.cfg = None
+
+    def get_input_args(self) -> str:
+        """Returns the pydantic model for LLaDA plugin arguments."""
+        return "axolotl.integrations.diffusion.DiffusionArgs"
+
+    def post_model_load(self, cfg: DictDefault, model: PreTrainedModel | PeftModel):
+        """Perform actions after model is loaded."""
+        self.cfg = cfg
+
+    def get_trainer_cls(self, cfg: DictDefault) -> type[DiffusionTrainer] | None:
+        """Return custom trainer class for diffusion training."""
+        return DiffusionTrainer
+
+    def post_trainer_create(self, cfg: DictDefault, trainer: DiffusionTrainer):
+        """Configure trainer after creation."""
+        trainer.set_config(cfg)

src/axolotl/integrations/diffusion/trainer.py

@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+"""Custom trainer for diffusion LM training."""
+
+from typing import Any, Literal
+
+import torch
+import torch.nn.functional as F
+from torch import nn
+
+from axolotl.core.trainers.base import AxolotlTrainer
+from axolotl.utils.dict import DictDefault
+from axolotl.utils.logging import get_logger
+
+from .callbacks import DiffusionGenerationCallback
+from .utils import create_bidirectional_attention_mask
+
+LOG = get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+class DiffusionTrainer(AxolotlTrainer):
+    """Custom trainer for diffusion LM training that overrides loss computation."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.cfg = None
+        self._special_token_ids = None
+
+    def set_config(self, config: DictDefault):
+        """Set config for diffusion training."""
+        self.cfg = config
+        self._cache_special_token_ids()
+        self._resolve_mask_token_id()
+
+        token_id = int(getattr(self.cfg.diffusion, "mask_token_id", 0))
+        LOG.info(f"Diffusion: using mask_token_id={token_id}")
+
+        if getattr(config.diffusion, "generate_samples", True):
+            generation_callback = DiffusionGenerationCallback(self)
+            self.add_callback(generation_callback)
+
+    def _resolve_mask_token_id(self) -> None:
+        """Ensure mask_token_id is valid for the current tokenizer."""
+        from .utils import resolve_mask_token_id
+
+        tokenizer = getattr(self, "processing_class", None)
+        if tokenizer is None:
+            return
+
+        mid = resolve_mask_token_id(
+            tokenizer,
+            self.cfg,
+            allow_add=True,
+            model=getattr(self, "model", None),
+        )
+        try:
+            self.cfg.diffusion.mask_token_id = int(mid)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    def compute_loss(
+        self,
+        model: nn.Module,
+        inputs: dict[str, torch.Tensor],
+        return_outputs: bool = False,
+        num_items_in_batch: torch.Tensor | None = None,
+    ) -> torch.Tensor | tuple[torch.Tensor, dict[str, torch.Tensor]]:
+        """Override compute_loss to use diffusion loss."""
+        input_ids = inputs.get("input_ids")
+        attention_mask = inputs.get("attention_mask")
+        labels = inputs.get("labels")
+
+        if input_ids is None:
+            raise ValueError("input_ids is required for diffusion training")
+
+        loss, outputs = self._compute_diffusion_loss(
+            model, input_ids, attention_mask, labels
+        )
+
+        if return_outputs:
+            return loss, outputs
+        return loss
+
+    def _cache_special_token_ids(self):
+        """Cache special token IDs to avoid repeated tokenizer access."""
+        if self.processing_class is None:
+            self._special_token_ids = set()
+            return
+
+        tokenizer = self.processing_class
+        special_tokens = set()
+
+        if hasattr(tokenizer, "bos_token_id") and tokenizer.bos_token_id is not None:
+            special_tokens.add(tokenizer.bos_token_id)
+        if hasattr(tokenizer, "eos_token_id") and tokenizer.eos_token_id is not None:
+            special_tokens.add(tokenizer.eos_token_id)
+        if hasattr(tokenizer, "pad_token_id") and tokenizer.pad_token_id is not None:
+            special_tokens.add(tokenizer.pad_token_id)
+
+        self._special_token_ids = special_tokens
+
+    def _forward_process(
+        self,
+        input_ids: torch.Tensor,
+        attention_mask: torch.Tensor | None = None,
+        labels: torch.Tensor | None = None,
+        eps: float = 1e-3,
+    ) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
+        """
+        Forward noising process. A timestep is sampled along the process, and tokens are
+        masked with probability determined by the configured noise schedule.
+
+        Args:
+            input_ids: Input token ids [batch_size, seq_len].
+            attention_mask: Attention mask [batch_size, seq_len].
+            labels: Labels for SFT training [batch_size, seq_len].
+            eps: Small epsilon value for minimum masking probability.
+
+        Returns:
+            noisy_batch: Input with some tokens masked.
+            masked_indices: Boolean mask indicating which tokens were masked.
+            p_mask: Masking probabilities for each token [batch_size, seq_len].
+        """
+        batch_size, seq_len = input_ids.shape
+        device = input_ids.device
+
+        # Sample random timesteps for each sample in batch
+        t = torch.rand(batch_size, device=device)
+        p_mask = (1 - eps) * t + eps  # [batch_size]
+        p_mask = p_mask[:, None].repeat(1, seq_len)  # [batch_size, seq_len]
+
+        # Don't mask padding tokens if attention_mask is provided
+        if attention_mask is not None:
+            valid_mask = attention_mask.bool()
+            p_mask = p_mask * valid_mask.float()
+
+        # Create mask to exclude special tokens
+        special_token_mask = torch.zeros_like(input_ids, dtype=torch.bool)
+        if self._special_token_ids:
+            for token_id in self._special_token_ids:
+                special_token_mask |= input_ids == token_id
+
+        # Create random mask based on p_mask
+        masked_indices = torch.rand((batch_size, seq_len), device=device) < p_mask
+        masked_indices = masked_indices & ~special_token_mask
+        if attention_mask is not None:
+            masked_indices = masked_indices & attention_mask.bool()
+
+        # For SFT data, only mask answer tokens
+        if labels is not None:
+            answer_mask = labels != -100
+            masked_indices = masked_indices & answer_mask
+
+        # Create masked input
+        mask_token_id = int(self.cfg.diffusion.mask_token_id)
+        mask_value = torch.full_like(input_ids, mask_token_id)
+        noisy_batch = torch.where(masked_indices, mask_value, input_ids)
+
+        return noisy_batch, masked_indices, p_mask
+
+    def _compute_diffusion_loss(
+        self,
+        model: nn.Module,
+        input_ids: torch.Tensor,
+        attention_mask: torch.Tensor | None = None,
+        labels: torch.Tensor | None = None,
+    ) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor | Any]:
+        """
+        Compute diffusion loss.
+
+        Args:
+            model: The model to compute loss for.
+            input_ids: Ground truth token ids [batch_size, seq_len].
+            attention_mask: Attention mask [batch_size, seq_len].
+            labels: Labels for SFT training [batch_size, seq_len].
+
+        Returns:
+            loss: Cross-entropy loss.
+            metrics: Dictionary of metrics.
+        """
+        # Short-circuit empty sequences
+        if input_ids is None or input_ids.numel() == 0 or input_ids.shape[1] == 0:
+            zero = torch.tensor(
+                0.0,
+                device=(input_ids.device if input_ids is not None else None),
+                requires_grad=True,
+            )
+            return zero, {}
+
+        # If an attention_mask is provided and all positions are padding for every
+        # sample in this batch, skip the step.
+        if attention_mask is not None:
+            if attention_mask.dim() == 2 and (attention_mask.sum(dim=1) == 0).all():
+                zero = torch.tensor(0.0, device=input_ids.device, requires_grad=True)
+                return zero, {}
+
+        # Apply forward process
+        noisy_batch, masked_indices, p_mask = self._forward_process(
+            input_ids, attention_mask, labels, self.cfg.diffusion.eps
+        )
+
+        # Create bidirectional attention mask
+        bidirectional_mask = create_bidirectional_attention_mask(
+            input_ids, attention_mask, sample_packing=self.cfg.sample_packing
+        )
+
+        # Forward pass
+        outputs = model(
+            input_ids=noisy_batch.long(),
+            attention_mask=bidirectional_mask,
+        )
+        logits = outputs.logits
+
+        if masked_indices.sum() > 0:
+            valid_indices = torch.where(masked_indices)
+            batch_indices, seq_indices = valid_indices
+
+            masked_logits = logits[batch_indices, seq_indices]
+            masked_targets = input_ids[batch_indices, seq_indices]
+            masked_p_mask = p_mask[batch_indices, seq_indices]
+
+            # Compute cross-entropy loss without reduction
+            token_loss = F.cross_entropy(
+                masked_logits.float(), masked_targets, reduction="none"
+            )
+
+            if self.cfg.diffusion.importance_weighting:
+                masked_p_mask = masked_p_mask.float()
+                weighted_loss = token_loss / masked_p_mask
+            else:
+                weighted_loss = token_loss
+
+            if labels is not None:
+                # For SFT data: normalize by answer token count per sample
+                answer_mask = labels != -100
+                answer_lengths = answer_mask.sum(dim=1).float()  # [batch_size]
+
+                # Get batch indices for masked tokens
+                masked_batch_indices = batch_indices
+
+                # Sum losses per sample and divide by answer length
+                batch_size = input_ids.shape[0]
+                loss_per_sample = torch.zeros(batch_size, device=input_ids.device)
+                for i in range(batch_size):
+                    sample_mask = masked_batch_indices == i
+                    if sample_mask.sum() > 0:
+                        sample_loss = weighted_loss[sample_mask].sum()
+                        denom = answer_lengths[i].clamp(min=1.0)
+                        loss_per_sample[i] = sample_loss / denom
+
+                loss = loss_per_sample.mean()
+            else:
+                # Non-SFT: when importance weighting is enabled, use unbiased estimator
+                # (sum(loss/p) / total_tokens). Otherwise, average over masked tokens
+                # for stable scaling across varying mask ratios.
+                if self.cfg.diffusion.importance_weighting:
+                    loss = weighted_loss.sum() / (
+                        input_ids.shape[0] * input_ids.shape[1]
+                    )
+                else:
+                    loss = weighted_loss.mean()
+
+            ce_loss = token_loss.mean()
+
+            # Compute accuracy on masked tokens
+            with torch.no_grad():
+                pred_tokens = masked_logits.argmax(dim=-1)
+                accuracy = (pred_tokens == masked_targets).float().mean()
+        else:
+            loss = torch.tensor(0.0, device=input_ids.device, requires_grad=True)
+            accuracy = torch.tensor(0.0, device=input_ids.device)
+            ce_loss = torch.tensor(0.0, device=input_ids.device)
+            masked_p_mask = torch.tensor(1.0, device=input_ids.device)
+
+        avg_p_mask = (
+            p_mask[masked_indices].mean().item() if masked_indices.any() else 0.0
+        )
+        metrics = {
+            "loss": loss.item(),
+            "accuracy": accuracy.item(),
+            "mask_ratio": masked_indices.float().mean().item(),
+            "num_masked_tokens": (masked_indices.sum().item(), "sum"),
+            "avg_p_mask": avg_p_mask,
+            "ce_loss": ce_loss.item(),
+        }
+
+        # If doing SFT training, log answer-specific metrics
+        if self.cfg.datasets is not None:
+            with torch.no_grad():
+                answer_mask = labels != -100
+                answer_lengths = answer_mask.sum(dim=1).float()  # type: ignore
+                total_answer_tokens = answer_mask.sum().item()  # type: ignore
+                total_tokens = labels.numel()  # type: ignore
+                metrics["answer_ratio"] = total_answer_tokens / max(total_tokens, 1)
+                metrics["avg_answer_length"] = answer_lengths.mean().item()
+
+        if self.cfg.diffusion.importance_weighting:
+            metrics["importance_weight_avg"] = (1.0 / masked_p_mask).mean().item()
+
+        train_eval: Literal["train", "eval"] = "train" if model.training else "eval"
+        self.store_metrics(metrics, train_eval=train_eval)
+
+        return loss, outputs

src/axolotl/integrations/diffusion/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+"""Shared utilities for diffusion integration."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any, Optional
+
+import torch
+
+from axolotl.utils.dict import DictDefault
+
+
+def resolve_mask_token_id(
+    tokenizer: Any,
+    cfg: DictDefault,
+    *,
+    allow_add: bool,
+    model: Any | None = None,
+    default_token: str = "<|diffusion_mask|>",
+) -> int:
+    """Resolve mask token id. Training may add a new special token; inference won't."""
+    # Determine vocab size if available
+    vocab_size = None
+    if tokenizer is not None:
+        if hasattr(tokenizer, "vocab_size") and tokenizer.vocab_size is not None:
+            try:
+                vocab_size = int(tokenizer.vocab_size)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            except Exception:
+                vocab_size = None
+        elif hasattr(tokenizer, "__len__"):
+            try:
+                vocab_size = int(len(tokenizer))
+            except Exception:
+                vocab_size = None
+
+    # Use explicit id from config if provided
+    diffusion_cfg = getattr(cfg, "diffusion", None)
+    # Fallback to top-level attr names only if nested missing (shouldn't happen)
+    cfg_id = (
+        getattr(diffusion_cfg, "mask_token_id", None)
+        if diffusion_cfg is not None
+        else getattr(cfg, "diffusion_mask_token_id", None)
+    )
+    if isinstance(cfg_id, int) and cfg_id >= 0:
+        if vocab_size is None or cfg_id < vocab_size:
+            return int(cfg_id)
+
+    def _existing_special_token_id(token_str: str | None) -> int | None:
+        """Attempt to resolve an existing special token string to a real ID."""
+        if not token_str or not hasattr(tokenizer, "convert_tokens_to_ids"):
+            return None
+        try:
+            token_id = tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids(token_str)
+        except Exception:
+            return None
+
+        if not isinstance(token_id, int) or token_id < 0:
+            return None
+
+        # Ensure it's registered as special and not UNK, and within vocab
+        unk_id = getattr(tokenizer, "unk_token_id", None)
+        specials = set(getattr(tokenizer, "all_special_tokens", []) or [])
+        addl = set(getattr(tokenizer, "additional_special_tokens", []) or [])
+        is_special = token_str in specials or token_str in addl
+        in_vocab = vocab_size is None or token_id < vocab_size
+        if (
+            (unk_id is not None and token_id == unk_id)
+            or not is_special
+            or not in_vocab
+        ):
+            return None
+        return token_id
+
+    # Try mask token string if provided
+    token_str = (
+        getattr(diffusion_cfg, "mask_token_str", None)
+        if diffusion_cfg is not None
+        else getattr(cfg, "diffusion_mask_token_str", None)
+    )
+    for candidate in (token_str, default_token):
+        token_id = _existing_special_token_id(candidate)
+        if isinstance(token_id, int):
+            try:
+                if diffusion_cfg is None:
+                    cfg.diffusion_mask_token_id = int(token_id)  # legacy fallback
+                else:
+                    diffusion_cfg.mask_token_id = int(token_id)
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+            return int(token_id)
+
+    # Optionally add and return a dedicated special token during training
+    if allow_add and hasattr(tokenizer, "add_special_tokens"):
+        token_to_add = token_str or default_token
+        try:
+            tokenizer.add_special_tokens({"additional_special_tokens": [token_to_add]})
+
+            # Resize embeddings if possible
+            if (
+                model is not None
+                and hasattr(tokenizer, "__len__")
+                and hasattr(model, "resize_token_embeddings")
+            ):
+                try:
+                    model.resize_token_embeddings(len(tokenizer))
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+            new_id = tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids(token_to_add)
+            if isinstance(new_id, int) and new_id >= 0:
+                try:
+                    if diffusion_cfg is None:
+                        cfg.diffusion_mask_token_id = int(new_id)  # legacy fallback
+                    else:
+                        diffusion_cfg.mask_token_id = int(new_id)
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+                return int(new_id)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    # Fallback to unk or 0 (do not update cfg)
+    fallback = getattr(tokenizer, "unk_token_id", 0) or 0
+    return int(fallback)
+
+
+def create_bidirectional_attention_mask(
+    input_ids: torch.Tensor,
+    attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+    sample_packing: bool = False,
+) -> torch.Tensor:
+    """
+    Create bidirectional attention mask to override default causal masking.
+    Handles sample-packed sequences where different samples are identified
+    by different attention mask values.
+
+    Args:
+        input_ids: Input token ids [batch_size, seq_len]
+        attention_mask: Attention mask [batch_size, seq_len]
+        sample_packing: Whether sample packing is enabled
+
+    Returns:
+        bidirectional_mask: 4D attention mask [batch_size, 1, seq_len, seq_len]
+    """
+    batch_size, seq_len = input_ids.shape
+    device = input_ids.device
+
+    if attention_mask is None or not sample_packing:
+        return torch.ones(
+            batch_size, 1, seq_len, seq_len, dtype=torch.bool, device=device
+        )
+
+    # Handle sample packing: tokens can only attend within their sample
+    mask_i = attention_mask.unsqueeze(2)  # [batch_size, seq_len, 1]
+    mask_j = attention_mask.unsqueeze(1)  # [batch_size, 1, seq_len]
+
+    # Tokens can attend to each other if they have the same non-zero sample ID
+    bidirectional_mask = (mask_i == mask_j) & (mask_i > 0)
+
+    # Add head dimension: [batch_size, 1, seq_len, seq_len]
+    return bidirectional_mask.unsqueeze(1)

src/axolotl/kernels/moe/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from .backends import MOEBackend, get_moe_backend_name
+
+__all__ = ["get_moe_backend_name", "MOEBackend"]

src/axolotl/kernels/moe/backends.py

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import warnings
+from enum import Enum
+
+
+class MOEBackend(str, Enum):
+    AUTO = "auto"
+    TORCH_GROUPED = "torch_grouped"
+    NAIVE = "naive"
+
+
+def _probe_torch_grouped() -> bool:
+    try:
+        import torch  # noqa: F401
+
+        # Prefer a simple version check; exact APIs may vary across 2.8+.
+        ver = tuple(int(x) for x in torch.__version__.split("+")[0].split(".")[:2])
+        return ver >= (2, 8)
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+
+
+def get_moe_backend_name(preferred: str | None = None) -> MOEBackend:
+    """
+    Resolve the desired MoE backend using, in order of precedence:
+    - explicit preferred argument (e.g., from config)
+    - auto detection
+    """
+    choice = (preferred or "auto").lower()
+    try:
+        selected = MOEBackend(choice)
+    except ValueError:
+        warnings.warn(
+            f"Unknown moe backend '{choice}', falling back to auto", stacklevel=2
+        )
+        selected = MOEBackend.AUTO
+
+    if selected == MOEBackend.AUTO:
+        if _probe_torch_grouped():
+            return MOEBackend.TORCH_GROUPED
+        return MOEBackend.NAIVE
+    if selected == MOEBackend.TORCH_GROUPED and not _probe_torch_grouped():
+        warnings.warn(
+            "torch_grouped requested but torch>=2.8 not detected; falling back to naive",
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return MOEBackend.NAIVE
+    return selected

src/axolotl/kernels/moe/torch_grouped.py

@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+"""Minimal grouped GEMM fast path for MoE experts using PyTorch _grouped_mm."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+import torch
+import torch.nn.functional as F
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger("axolotl.moe.grouped")
+
+
+def available() -> bool:
+    try:
+        major, minor = map(int, torch.__version__.split("+")[0].split(".")[:2])
+        if (major, minor) < (2, 8):
+            return False
+        if not torch.cuda.is_available():
+            return False
+        sm, _ = torch.cuda.get_device_capability()
+        if sm < 9:
+            return False
+        return hasattr(torch.ops, "_grouped_mm")
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+
+
+def _iter_expert_impls(
+    experts_module, visited: Optional[set[int]] = None
+) -> List[torch.nn.Module]:
+    if visited is None:
+        visited = set()
+    module_id = id(experts_module)
+    if module_id in visited:
+        return []
+    visited.add(module_id)
+
+    impls: List[torch.nn.Module] = []
+    for exp in experts_module:
+        candidate = getattr(exp, "mlp", getattr(exp, "ffn", exp))
+        if hasattr(candidate, "gate_proj") and hasattr(candidate, "up_proj"):
+            impls.append(candidate)
+            continue
+        nested = getattr(candidate, "experts", None)
+        if nested is not None:
+            impls.extend(_iter_expert_impls(nested, visited))
+            continue
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "torch_grouped: unable to resolve expert implementation for module"
+        )
+    return impls
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _GroupedWeightStorage:
+    pattern: str
+    gate: torch.Tensor
+    up: torch.Tensor
+    down: torch.Tensor
+    fused_gate_up: torch.Tensor
+    dtype: torch.dtype
+    device: torch.device
+
+
+def _allocate_fused_gate_up(
+    num_experts: int,
+    gate_shape: torch.Size,
+    up_shape: torch.Size,
+    *,
+    device: torch.device,
+    dtype: torch.dtype,
+) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
+    if gate_shape[1] != up_shape[1]:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "torch_grouped: gate and up projections must share the hidden dimension"
+        )
+
+    fused = torch.empty(
+        (num_experts, gate_shape[0] + up_shape[0], gate_shape[1]),
+        device=device,
+        dtype=dtype,
+    )
+    gate_view = fused[:, : gate_shape[0]]
+    up_view = fused[:, gate_shape[0] : gate_shape[0] + up_shape[0]]
+    return fused, gate_view, up_view
+
+
+def _ensure_grouped_weights(
+    experts_module, expert_impls: List[torch.nn.Module], sample_mod: torch.nn.Module
+) -> _GroupedWeightStorage:
+    storage: Optional[_GroupedWeightStorage] = getattr(
+        experts_module, "_ax_grouped_storage", None
+    )
+
+    def _store(new_storage: _GroupedWeightStorage) -> _GroupedWeightStorage:
+        experts_module._ax_grouped_storage = new_storage
+        return new_storage
+
+    # Identify expert parameter layout
+    if (
+        hasattr(sample_mod, "w1")
+        and hasattr(sample_mod, "w3")
+        and hasattr(sample_mod, "w2")
+    ):
+        pattern = "swi_glu"
+        num_experts = len(expert_impls)
+        w1_shape = sample_mod.w1.weight.shape
+        w3_shape = sample_mod.w3.weight.shape
+        w2_shape = sample_mod.w2.weight.shape
+        if (
+            storage is not None
+            and storage.pattern == pattern
+            and storage.dtype == sample_mod.w1.weight.dtype
+            and storage.device == sample_mod.w1.weight.device
+            and storage.gate.shape[1:] == w1_shape
+        ):
+            return storage
+
+        fused, gate, up = _allocate_fused_gate_up(
+            num_experts,
+            w1_shape,
+            w3_shape,
+            device=sample_mod.w1.weight.device,
+            dtype=sample_mod.w1.weight.dtype,
+        )
+        down = torch.empty(
+            (num_experts, *w2_shape),
+            device=sample_mod.w2.weight.device,
+            dtype=sample_mod.w2.weight.dtype,
+        )
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            for idx, mod in enumerate(expert_impls):
+                gate[idx].copy_(mod.w1.weight.detach())
+                up[idx].copy_(mod.w3.weight.detach())
+                down[idx].copy_(mod.w2.weight.detach())
+                mod.w1.weight.detach_()
+                mod.w1.weight.set_(gate[idx])
+                mod.w3.weight.detach_()
+                mod.w3.weight.set_(up[idx])
+                mod.w2.weight.detach_()
+                mod.w2.weight.set_(down[idx])
+
+        return _store(
+            _GroupedWeightStorage(
+                pattern=pattern,
+                gate=gate,
+                up=up,
+                down=down,
+                fused_gate_up=fused,
+                dtype=gate.dtype,
+                device=gate.device,
+            )
+        )
+
+    if hasattr(sample_mod, "gate_up_proj") and hasattr(sample_mod, "down_proj"):
+        pattern = "fused_gate_up"
+        gate_weight = sample_mod.gate_up_proj.weight
+        down_weight = sample_mod.down_proj.weight
+        if (
+            storage is not None
+            and storage.pattern == pattern
+            and storage.dtype == gate_weight.dtype
+            and storage.device == gate_weight.device
+            and storage.gate.shape[1:]
+            == (gate_weight.shape[0] // 2, gate_weight.shape[1])
+        ):
+            return storage
+
+        num_experts = len(expert_impls)
+        gate_full = torch.empty(
+            (num_experts, *gate_weight.shape),
+            device=gate_weight.device,
+            dtype=gate_weight.dtype,
+        )
+        down = torch.empty(
+            (num_experts, *down_weight.shape),
+            device=down_weight.device,
+            dtype=down_weight.dtype,
+        )
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            for idx, mod in enumerate(expert_impls):
+                gate_full[idx].copy_(mod.gate_up_proj.weight.detach())
+                down[idx].copy_(mod.down_proj.weight.detach())
+                mod.gate_up_proj.weight.detach_()
+                mod.gate_up_proj.weight.set_(gate_full[idx])
+                mod.down_proj.weight.detach_()
+                mod.down_proj.weight.set_(down[idx])
+
+        inter = gate_weight.shape[0] // 2
+        gate = gate_full[:, :inter]
+        up = gate_full[:, inter:]
+        return _store(
+            _GroupedWeightStorage(
+                pattern=pattern,
+                gate=gate,
+                up=up,
+                down=down,
+                fused_gate_up=gate_full,
+                dtype=gate.dtype,
+                device=gate.device,
+            )
+        )
+
+    if (
+        hasattr(sample_mod, "up_proj")
+        and hasattr(sample_mod, "gate_proj")
+        and hasattr(sample_mod, "down_proj")
+    ):
+        pattern = "dual_proj"
+        up_weight = sample_mod.up_proj.weight
+        gate_weight = sample_mod.gate_proj.weight
+        down_weight = sample_mod.down_proj.weight
+        if (
+            storage is not None
+            and storage.pattern == pattern
+            and storage.dtype == sample_mod.up_proj.weight.dtype
+            and storage.device == sample_mod.up_proj.weight.device
+            and storage.gate.shape[1:] == gate_weight.shape
+        ):
+            return storage
+
+        num_experts = len(expert_impls)
+        fused, gate, up = _allocate_fused_gate_up(
+            num_experts,
+            gate_weight.shape,
+            up_weight.shape,
+            device=gate_weight.device,
+            dtype=gate_weight.dtype,
+        )
+        down = torch.empty(
+            (num_experts, *down_weight.shape),
+            device=down_weight.device,
+            dtype=down_weight.dtype,
+        )
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            for idx, mod in enumerate(expert_impls):
+                gate[idx].copy_(mod.gate_proj.weight.detach())
+                up[idx].copy_(mod.up_proj.weight.detach())
+                down[idx].copy_(mod.down_proj.weight.detach())
+                mod.up_proj.weight.detach_()
+                mod.up_proj.weight.set_(up[idx])
+                mod.gate_proj.weight.detach_()
+                mod.gate_proj.weight.set_(gate[idx])
+                mod.down_proj.weight.detach_()
+                mod.down_proj.weight.set_(down[idx])
+
+        return _store(
+            _GroupedWeightStorage(
+                pattern=pattern,
+                gate=gate,
+                up=up,
+                down=down,
+                fused_gate_up=fused,
+                dtype=gate.dtype,
+                device=gate.device,
+            )
+        )
+
+    raise RuntimeError(
+        "torch_grouped: unsupported expert module layout for grouped weights"
+    )
+
+
+def moe_ffn_forward_grouped(
+    hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
+    gate_linear: torch.nn.Linear,
+    experts_module,
+    top_k: int,
+) -> Tuple[Optional[torch.Tensor], Optional[torch.Tensor]]:
+    if not available():
+        return None, None
+
+    bsz, seqlen, hdim = hidden_states.shape
+    tokens = bsz * seqlen
+    device = hidden_states.device
+
+    routing_dtype = gate_linear.weight.dtype
+    expert_dtype = hidden_states.dtype
+
+    if expert_dtype not in (torch.bfloat16, torch.float16):
+        _LOGGER.debug(
+            "torch_grouped: unsupported expert dtype %s; falling back to naive",
+            expert_dtype,
+        )
+        return None, None
+
+    parent_block = None
+    parent_ref = getattr(experts_module, "_ax_parent_block_ref", None)
+    if parent_ref is not None:
+        try:
+            parent_block = parent_ref()
+        except TypeError:
+            parent_block = None
+
+    expert_container = getattr(experts_module, "experts", experts_module)
+
+    expert_impls = _iter_expert_impls(expert_container)
+    sample_mod = expert_impls[0]
+    storage = _ensure_grouped_weights(expert_container, expert_impls, sample_mod)
+    w_gate = storage.gate
+    w_up = storage.up
+    w2 = storage.down
+
+    x_flat = hidden_states.view(tokens, hdim).to(expert_dtype)
+    router_logits = gate_linear(x_flat.to(routing_dtype))
+
+    shared_out_flat: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None
+    shared_owner = parent_block if parent_block is not None else experts_module
+    if hasattr(shared_owner, "shared_expert"):
+        shared_expert = shared_owner.shared_expert
+        shared_out_flat = shared_expert(x_flat)
+        shared_out_flat = shared_out_flat.to(expert_dtype)
+        shared_gate = getattr(shared_owner, "shared_expert_gate", None)
+        if shared_gate is not None:
+            gate_input = shared_gate(x_flat.to(shared_gate.weight.dtype))
+            gate_vals = torch.sigmoid(gate_input)
+            shared_out_flat.mul_(gate_vals.to(expert_dtype))
+
+    routing_weights = F.softmax(router_logits, dim=1, dtype=torch.float)
+    topk_weight, topk_idx = torch.topk(routing_weights, top_k, dim=-1, sorted=False)
+    topk_weight = topk_weight / topk_weight.sum(dim=-1, keepdim=True)
+
+    flat_idx = topk_idx.view(-1)
+    num_experts = len(expert_impls)
+    if flat_idx.numel() == 0:
+        zero = torch.zeros_like(x_flat)
+        return zero.view(bsz, seqlen, hdim), router_logits
+
+    sorted_experts, perm = torch.sort(flat_idx)
+    assignments = torch.bincount(sorted_experts, minlength=num_experts)
+    if assignments.sum() == 0:
+        zero = torch.zeros_like(x_flat)
+        return zero.view(bsz, seqlen, hdim), router_logits
+
+    token_indices_sorted = torch.div(perm, top_k, rounding_mode="floor").contiguous()
+    scores_sorted = topk_weight.reshape(-1).index_select(0, perm)
+
+    gather_index = token_indices_sorted.unsqueeze(-1).expand(-1, hdim)
+    routed_input = torch.gather(x_flat, 0, gather_index)
+
+    counts_i32 = assignments.to(device=device, dtype=torch.int32)
+    offsets = torch.cumsum(counts_i32, dim=0).to(dtype=torch.int32)
+    mm_dtype = torch.bfloat16 if expert_dtype == torch.bfloat16 else expert_dtype
+    routed_in = routed_input.to(mm_dtype)
+    w_gate_t = w_gate.transpose(-2, -1).to(mm_dtype)
+    w_up_t = w_up.transpose(-2, -1).to(mm_dtype)
+    w2_t = w2.transpose(-2, -1).to(mm_dtype)
+
+    routed_in = routed_in.contiguous()
+    w_gate_t = w_gate_t.contiguous()
+    gate_out = torch._grouped_mm(routed_in, w_gate_t, offs=offsets)
+    torch.ops.aten.silu_(gate_out)
+    w_up_t = w_up_t.contiguous()
+    up_out = torch._grouped_mm(routed_in, w_up_t, offs=offsets)
+    gate_out.mul_(up_out)
+    gate_out = gate_out.contiguous()
+    w2_t = w2_t.contiguous()
+    down_out = torch._grouped_mm(gate_out, w2_t, offs=offsets).to(expert_dtype)
+
+    weights = scores_sorted.unsqueeze(-1).to(expert_dtype)
+    down_out.mul_(weights)
+
+    combined = torch.zeros_like(x_flat)
+    combined.scatter_add_(0, gather_index, down_out)
+
+    output = combined.view(bsz, seqlen, hdim)
+    if shared_out_flat is not None:
+        output = output + shared_out_flat.view(bsz, seqlen, hdim)
+    return output, router_logits

src/axolotl/loaders/adapter.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from peft import (
     PeftConfig,
     PeftMixedModel,
     PeftModel,
+    TaskType,
     get_peft_model,
 )
 from transformers import PreTrainedModel
@@ -98,6 +99,17 @@ def load_lora(
         lora_config_kwargs["use_rslora"] = cfg.peft_use_rslora
     if cfg.peft_layer_replication:
         lora_config_kwargs["layer_replication"] = cfg.peft_layer_replication
+    if cfg.peft_trainable_token_indices:
+        lora_config_kwargs["trainable_token_indices"] = cfg.peft_trainable_token_indices
+
+    # Determine the correct PEFT task type
+    model_cls = type(model).__name__
+    if "SequenceClassification" in model_cls:
+        task_type = TaskType.SEQ_CLS
+    elif "TokenClassification" in model_cls:
+        task_type = TaskType.TOKEN_CLS
+    else:
+        task_type = TaskType.CAUSAL_LM
 
     lora_config = LoraConfig(
         r=cfg.lora_r,
@@ -110,7 +122,7 @@ def load_lora(
         fan_in_fan_out=cfg.lora_fan_in_fan_out,
         modules_to_save=cfg.lora_modules_to_save if cfg.lora_modules_to_save else None,
         bias="none",
-        task_type="CAUSAL_LM",
+        task_type=task_type,
         **lora_config_kwargs,
     )
 

src/axolotl/loaders/model.py

@@ -673,6 +673,33 @@ class ModelLoader:
 
         return hf_ds_cfg
 
+    def _load_model_from_config(self, model_loader_class=None) -> PreTrainedModel:
+        """
+        Load model with random initialization using from_config.
+
+        Uses the selected loader when provided; otherwise falls back to the auto loader.
+        """
+        loader = model_loader_class or self.auto_model_loader
+        if loader in [AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoModelForVision2Seq]:
+            model = loader.from_config(
+                config=self.model_config,
+                trust_remote_code=self.cfg.trust_remote_code or False,
+            )
+        else:
+            model = loader(config=self.model_config)
+
+        return model
+
+    def _load_model_from_pretrained(self, model_loader_class=None) -> PreTrainedModel:
+        """Load model from pretrained weights."""
+        loader = model_loader_class or self.auto_model_loader
+        kwargs = {
+            "config": self.model_config,
+            "trust_remote_code": self.cfg.trust_remote_code or False,
+            **self.model_kwargs,
+        }
+        return loader.from_pretrained(self.base_model, **kwargs)
+
     def _build_model(self) -> bool:
         """Load model, with load strategy depending on config."""
         skip_move_to_device = False
@@ -687,7 +714,8 @@ class ModelLoader:
         if self.is_fsdp_enabled:
             if self.cfg.fsdp_config.cpu_ram_efficient_loading:
                 skip_move_to_device = True
-                # Don't delete device_map for QLoRA + FSDP - it was set correctly in _set_device_map
+                # Don't delete device_map for QLoRA + FSDP - it was set correctly in
+                # _set_device_map
                 if (
                     "device_map" in self.model_kwargs
                     and not self.is_qlora_and_fsdp_enabled
@@ -716,6 +744,11 @@ class ModelLoader:
                 or self.cfg.qlora_sharded_model_loading
             )
         ):
+            if self.cfg.reinit_weights:
+                LOG.warning(
+                    "reinit_weights is not supported with sharded quantized loading. "
+                    "Loading from pretrained weights instead."
+                )
             quant_storage = self.cfg.torch_dtype
             quantization_config = getattr(
                 self.model_config, "quantization_config", None
@@ -731,33 +764,12 @@ class ModelLoader:
                 quantization_config=quantization_config,
             )
             skip_move_to_device = True
-        elif (
-            self.model_config.model_type in ["llama", "llama4"]
-            and not self.cfg.trust_remote_code
-            and not self.cfg.gptq
-        ):
-            # Please don't remove underscore binding without reading the fn docstring.
-            _ = self._configure_zero3_memory_efficient_loading()
-
-            # Load model with random initialization if specified
-            if self.cfg.random_init_weights:
-                # AutoModel classes support the from_config method
-                if self.auto_model_loader in [
-                    AutoModelForCausalLM,
-                    AutoModelForVision2Seq,
-                ]:
-                    self.model = self.auto_model_loader.from_config(
-                        config=self.model_config,
-                    )
-                else:
-                    self.model = self.auto_model_loader(config=self.model_config)
-            else:
-                self.model = self.auto_model_loader.from_pretrained(
-                    self.base_model,
-                    config=self.model_config,
-                    **self.model_kwargs,
-                )
         elif self.model_type == "MambaLMHeadModel":
+            if self.cfg.reinit_weights:
+                LOG.warning(
+                    "reinit_weights is not supported with MambaLMHeadModel. "
+                    "Loading from pretrained weights instead."
+                )
             # FIXME this is janky at best and hacked together to make it work
             MambaLMHeadModel = fix_mamba_attn_for_loss()
 
@@ -770,41 +782,27 @@ class ModelLoader:
                 self.base_model,
                 **self.model_kwargs,
             )
-        elif (
-            self.model_type
-            and self.model_type != "AutoModelForCausalLM"
-            and not self.cfg.trust_remote_code
-        ):
-            if self.cfg.gptq:
-                self.model = self.auto_model_loader.from_pretrained(
-                    self.base_model,
-                    config=self.model_config,
-                    trust_remote_code=self.cfg.trust_remote_code or False,
-                    **self.model_kwargs,
-                )
-            else:
-                self.model = getattr(transformers, self.model_type).from_pretrained(
-                    self.base_model,
-                    config=self.model_config,
-                    trust_remote_code=self.cfg.trust_remote_code or False,
-                    **self.model_kwargs,
-                )
-        elif self.cfg.gptq:
-            self.model = self.auto_model_loader.from_pretrained(
-                self.base_model,
-                config=self.model_config,
-                trust_remote_code=self.cfg.trust_remote_code or False,
-                **self.model_kwargs,
-            )
         else:
-            # Please don't remove underscore binding without reading the fn docstring.
+            # Please don't remove underscore binding without reading the fn docstring
             _ = self._configure_zero3_memory_efficient_loading()
-            self.model = self.auto_model_loader.from_pretrained(
+
-                self.base_model,
+            if (
-                config=self.model_config,
+                self.model_type
-                trust_remote_code=self.cfg.trust_remote_code or False,
+                and self.model_type != "AutoModelForCausalLM"
-                **self.model_kwargs,
+                and not self.cfg.trust_remote_code
-            )
+                and not self.cfg.gptq
+            ):
+                # Use model type from transformers
+                model_loader_class = getattr(transformers, self.model_type)
+            else:
+                # Use auto model loader (handles gptq and default cases)
+                model_loader_class = self.auto_model_loader
+
+            if self.cfg.reinit_weights:
+                self.model = self._load_model_from_config(model_loader_class)
+            else:
+                self.model = self._load_model_from_pretrained(model_loader_class)
+
         if is_deepspeed_zero3_enabled():
             skip_move_to_device = True
 

src/axolotl/loaders/patch_manager.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ Applies pre- and post-model load patches for various fixes and optimizations.
 """
 
 import importlib.util
+import os
 from functools import cached_property
 
 import addict
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ import transformers
 from transformers import PretrainedConfig, PreTrainedModel
 
 from axolotl.integrations.base import PluginManager
+from axolotl.monkeypatch.moe_grouped import apply_grouped_to_moe_blocks
 from axolotl.monkeypatch.multipack import (
     SUPPORTED_MULTIPACK_MODEL_TYPES,
     patch_for_multipack,
@@ -56,6 +58,8 @@ class PatchManager:
         self._apply_fsdp_patches()
         self._apply_adapter_patches()
         self._apply_model_specific_patches()
+        # Apply MoE grouped GEMM patches (cfg.moe_backend)
+        apply_grouped_to_moe_blocks(self.cfg)
         self._apply_fp8_patches()
         self._apply_flash_attention_peft_patches()
         self._apply_gradient_checkpointing_patches()
@@ -66,6 +70,7 @@ class PatchManager:
         self._apply_mistral_cross_entropy_patch()
         self._apply_self_attention_lora_patch()
         self._apply_fsdp2_bnb_patches()
+        self._apply_patch_deepspeed_zero3()
 
     def apply_post_plugin_pre_model_load_patches(self):
         """Apply post plugin-pre_model_load load patches based on config."""
@@ -78,13 +83,7 @@ class PatchManager:
             patch_maybe_log_save_evaluate,
         )
 
-        patch_fsdp2 = (
+        patch_evaluation_loop()
-            self.cfg.torch_compile
-            and self.cfg.fsdp_config
-            and self.cfg.fsdp_version == 2
-        )
-
-        patch_evaluation_loop(patch_fsdp2)
         patch_maybe_log_save_evaluate()
 
     def apply_post_model_load_patches(self, model: PreTrainedModel):
@@ -147,14 +146,12 @@ class PatchManager:
     def _apply_flex_attention_patches(self):
         """Apply patches for flexible attention."""
         if self.cfg.flex_attention:
-            # from axolotl.monkeypatch.attention.flex_attn import (
+            from axolotl.monkeypatch.attention.flex_attn import (
-            #     patch_flex_make_mask,
+                patch_flex_wrapper,
-            #     patch_flex_wrapper,
+            )
-            # )
+
-            #
+            flex_attn_compile_kwargs = self.cfg.flex_attn_compile_kwargs or {}
-            # flex_attn_compile_kwargs = self.cfg.flex_attn_compile_kwargs or {}
+            patch_flex_wrapper(**flex_attn_compile_kwargs)
-            # patch_flex_wrapper(**flex_attn_compile_kwargs)
-            # patch_flex_make_mask()
             if self.cfg.sample_packing:
                 from axolotl.core.attention.flex_block_mask import (
                     patch_create_causal_mask,
@@ -275,6 +272,7 @@ class PatchManager:
                 self.cfg.model_config_type,
                 model_name=self.cfg.base_model,
                 has_remote_code=has_remote_code,
+                cfg=self.cfg,
             )
 
         if self.cfg.sample_packing:
@@ -471,3 +469,17 @@ class PatchManager:
             from axolotl.monkeypatch.lora_kernels import apply_lora_kernel_patches
 
             apply_lora_kernel_patches(model=model, cfg=self.cfg)
+
+    def _apply_patch_deepspeed_zero3(self):
+        try:
+            from transformers.integrations.deepspeed import is_deepspeed_zero3_enabled
+
+            from axolotl.monkeypatch.deepspeed_utils import apply_deepspeed_patches
+
+            if self.cfg.activation_offloading is True and (
+                is_deepspeed_zero3_enabled()
+                or os.getenv("ACCELERATE_DEEPSPEED_ZERO_STAGE") == "3"
+            ):
+                apply_deepspeed_patches()
+        except ImportError as e:
+            LOG.warning(f"DeepSpeed patches not applied: {e}")

src/axolotl/loaders/tokenizer.py

@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ def load_tokenizer(cfg: DictDefault) -> PreTrainedTokenizer:
             )
 
         tokenizer.chat_template = chat_template_string
-    else:
+    elif getattr(tokenizer, "chat_template", None) is None:
         LOG.info(
             "No Chat template selected. Consider adding a chat template for easier inference."
         )

src/axolotl/logging_config.py

@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
-"""
+"""Common logging module for axolotl."""
-Common logging module for axolotl
-"""
 
 import logging
 import os
-import sys
 from logging import Formatter, Logger, LogRecord
 from logging.config import dictConfig
 from typing import Any, Dict
@@ -17,9 +14,9 @@ DEFAULT_LOG_LEVEL = "WARNING"
 
 class AxolotlOrWarnErrorFilter(logging.Filter):
     """
-    Allows ANY WARNING or higher (unless overridden by LOG_LEVEL)
+    Allows ANY WARNING or higher (unless overridden by LOG_LEVEL). Allows axolotl.* at
-    Allows axolotl.* at INFO or higher (unless overridden by AXOLOTL_LOG_LEVEL)
+    INFO or higher (unless overridden by AXOLOTL_LOG_LEVEL). Drops all other records
-    Drops all other records (i.e. non-axolotl.INFO, DEBUG, etc. by default)
+    (i.e. non-axolotl.INFO, DEBUG, etc. by default).
     """
 
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
@@ -52,13 +49,12 @@ class AxolotlOrWarnErrorFilter(logging.Filter):
 
 
 class AxolotlLogger(Logger):
-    """A Logger that automatically rejects non-axolotl INFOs."""
+    """Logger that applies filtering to non-axolotl loggers."""
 
     def __init__(self, name: str, level: int = logging.NOTSET):
         super().__init__(name, level)
-
+        if not name.startswith("axolotl"):
-        # set global filter on the logger itself
+            self.addFilter(AxolotlOrWarnErrorFilter())
-        self.addFilter(AxolotlOrWarnErrorFilter())
 
 
 class ColorfulFormatter(Formatter):
@@ -74,6 +70,7 @@ class ColorfulFormatter(Formatter):
 
     def format(self, record):
         record.rank = int(os.getenv("LOCAL_RANK", "0"))
+        record.rank_fmt = f" [RANK:{record.rank}]" if record.rank != 0 else ""
         log_message = super().format(record)
         return self.COLORS.get(record.levelname, "") + log_message + Fore.RESET
 
@@ -87,32 +84,54 @@ DEFAULT_LOGGING_CONFIG: Dict[str, Any] = {
         },
         "colorful": {
             "()": ColorfulFormatter,
-            "format": "[%(asctime)s] [%(levelname)s] [%(name)s.%(funcName)s:%(lineno)d] [PID:%(process)d] [RANK:%(rank)d] %(message)s",
+            "format": "[%(asctime)s] [%(levelname)s] [%(name)s.%(funcName)s:%(lineno)d] [PID:%(process)d]%(rank_fmt)s %(message)s",
+        },
+        "concise": {
+            "format": "[%(asctime)s] [%(levelname)s] [%(name)s] %(message)s",
+        },
+        "concise_color": {
+            "()": ColorfulFormatter,
+            "format": "[%(asctime)s] [%(levelname)s] [%(name)s]%(rank_fmt)s %(message)s",
+        },
+    },
+    "filters": {
+        "ax_or_warn": {
+            "()": "axolotl.logging_config.AxolotlOrWarnErrorFilter",
         },
     },
-    "filters": {},
     "handlers": {
         "console": {
             "class": "logging.StreamHandler",
-            "formatter": "simple",
+            "formatter": "concise",
-            "filters": [],
+            "filters": ["ax_or_warn"],
-            "stream": sys.stdout,
+            "stream": "ext://sys.stdout",
         },
         "color_console": {
             "class": "logging.StreamHandler",
-            "formatter": "colorful",
+            "formatter": "concise_color",
-            "filters": [],
+            "filters": ["ax_or_warn"],
-            "stream": sys.stdout,
+            "stream": "ext://sys.stdout",
+        },
+        "ax_file_only": {
+            "class": "logging.StreamHandler",
+            "level": "DEBUG",
+            "formatter": "simple",
+            "stream": "ext://axolotl.utils.tee.file_only_stream",
+        },
+        "root_file_only": {
+            "class": "logging.StreamHandler",
+            "level": "DEBUG",
+            "formatter": "simple",
+            "stream": "ext://axolotl.utils.tee.file_only_stream",
         },
     },
-    # log level will be superseded by the AxolotlLogger
     "root": {
-        "handlers": ["console"],
+        "handlers": ["console", "root_file_only"],
-        "level": os.getenv("LOG_LEVEL", DEFAULT_LOG_LEVEL),
+        "level": os.getenv("LOG_LEVEL", DEFAULT_LOG_LEVEL).upper(),
     },
     "loggers": {
         "axolotl": {
-            "handlers": ["color_console"],
+            "handlers": ["color_console", "ax_file_only"],
             "level": os.getenv("AXOLOTL_LOG_LEVEL", DEFAULT_AXOLOTL_LOG_LEVEL).upper(),
             "propagate": False,
         },
@@ -123,9 +142,15 @@ DEFAULT_LOGGING_CONFIG: Dict[str, Any] = {
 def configure_logging():
     """Configure with default logging"""
     init()  # Initialize colorama
+
     dictConfig(DEFAULT_LOGGING_CONFIG)
     logging.setLoggerClass(AxolotlLogger)
 
-    # set default `ACCELERATE_LOG_LEVEL` to `LOG_LEVEL` if available and not set
+    # Route Python warnings through logging so they reach file handlers
+    logging.captureWarnings(True)
+
+    # Set default `ACCELERATE_LOG_LEVEL` to `LOG_LEVEL` if available and not set
     if "ACCELERATE_LOG_LEVEL" not in os.environ:
-        os.environ["ACCELERATE_LOG_LEVEL"] = os.getenv("LOG_LEVEL", DEFAULT_LOG_LEVEL)
+        os.environ["ACCELERATE_LOG_LEVEL"] = os.getenv(
+            "LOG_LEVEL", DEFAULT_LOG_LEVEL
+        ).upper()

src/axolotl/monkeypatch/accelerate/fsdp2.py

@@ -160,9 +160,11 @@ def get_state_dict(self, model, unwrap=True):
                 state_dict[param_name] = param.cpu()
             torch.distributed.barrier()
     elif self.distributed_type == DistributedType.FSDP:
-        from torch.distributed.fsdp import FullStateDictConfig
+        from torch.distributed.fsdp import (
-        from torch.distributed.fsdp import FullyShardedDataParallel as FSDP
+            FullStateDictConfig,
-        from torch.distributed.fsdp import StateDictType
+            FullyShardedDataParallel as FSDP,
+            StateDictType,
+        )
 
         full_state_dict_config = FullStateDictConfig(
             offload_to_cpu=True, rank0_only=True

src/axolotl/monkeypatch/attention/flex_attn.py

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 """Flex attention monkey patch"""
 
 import sys
-from typing import Optional, Tuple, Union
 
 import torch
 import transformers
+from packaging import version
+from transformers.utils.import_utils import _torch_version, is_torch_less_or_equal
 
 from axolotl.utils.logging import get_logger
 
@@ -46,19 +47,33 @@ def patch_flex_wrapper(**flex_attn_compile_kwargs):
             """
             self.training = None
             if not self._is_flex_compiled or training != self.training:
+                self.training = training
+                if is_torch_less_or_equal("2.5.1"):
+                    self._compiled_flex_attention = torch.compile(
+                        flex_attention, dynamic=False
+                    )
                 # In PyTorch 2.6.0, there's a known issue with flex attention compilation which may
                 # cause errors. The suggested fix is to compile with "max-autotune-no-cudagraphs"
                 # see https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/146260 for training
-                self.training = training
+                elif version.parse(_torch_version).base_version == "2.6.0" and training:
-                LOG.info(
+                    self._compiled_flex_attention = torch.compile(
-                    "Compiling flex attention with kwargs: %s. This may take a while...",
+                        flex_attention, dynamic=False, mode="max-autotune-no-cudagraphs"
-                    flex_attn_compile_kwargs,
+                    )
-                )
+                # Fallback, usually the most recent torch 2.7.x+ versions
-                self._compiled_flex_attention = torch.compile(
+                else:
-                    flex_attention,
+                    LOG.info(
-                    **flex_attn_compile_kwargs,
+                        "Compiling flex attention with kwargs: %s. This may take a while...",
-                )
+                        flex_attn_compile_kwargs,
-                LOG.info("Flex attention compiled successfully.")
+                        main_process_only=True,
+                    )
+                    self._compiled_flex_attention = torch.compile(
+                        flex_attention,
+                        **flex_attn_compile_kwargs,
+                    )
+                    LOG.info(
+                        "Flex attention compiled successfully.", main_process_only=True
+                    )
+
                 self._is_flex_compiled = True
 
         def __call__(self):
@@ -68,139 +83,3 @@ def patch_flex_wrapper(**flex_attn_compile_kwargs):
     sys.modules[
         "transformers.integrations.flex_attention"
     ].WrappedFlexAttention = WrappedFlexAttention
-
-
-def patch_flex_make_mask():
-    is_torch_2_6 = torch.__version__.startswith("2.6")
-
-    if not is_torch_2_6:
-        return
-
-    from torch.nn.attention.flex_attention import (
-        _DEFAULT_SPARSE_BLOCK_SIZE as flex_default_block_size,
-    )
-    from torch.nn.attention.flex_attention import (
-        BlockMask,
-    )
-    from torch.nn.attention.flex_attention import (
-        create_block_mask as create_block_causal_mask_flex,
-    )
-
-    Offset = Union[torch.Tensor, int]
-
-    def patched_make_flex_block_causal_mask(
-        attention_mask_2d: torch.Tensor,
-        attention_chunk_size: Optional[int] = None,
-        query_length=None,
-        key_length=None,
-        offsets: Optional[Tuple[Offset, Offset]] = None,
-    ) -> "BlockMask":
-        """
-        Create a block causal document mask for a batch of sequences, both packed and unpacked.
-        Create Block causal logic and passing it into :func:`torch.nn.attention.flex_attention.create_block_mask`.
-        The resultant BlockMask is a compressed representation of the full block causal
-        mask. BlockMask is essential for performant computation of flex attention.
-        See: https://pytorch.org/blog/flexattention/
-
-        Args:
-            attention_mask_2d (torch.Tensor): Attention mask for packed and padded sequences
-            of shape (batch_size, total_seq_len). e.g.
-
-            For unpacked sequence:
-            [[1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0],
-             [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0]]
-
-            For packed sequence:
-            [[1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0],
-             [1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3]]
-
-        Returns:
-            BlockMask
-        """
-
-        batch_size, total_seq_len = attention_mask_2d.shape
-        if not key_length:
-            key_length = total_seq_len
-        if not query_length:
-            query_length = total_seq_len
-        attention_mask_2d = torch.nn.functional.pad(
-            attention_mask_2d,
-            value=0,
-            pad=(0, abs(total_seq_len - max(key_length, flex_default_block_size))),
-        )
-        device = attention_mask_2d.device
-        document_ids = attention_mask_2d.clone()
-
-        if attention_chunk_size is not None:
-            # we create an arange, then we just // by chunk size to get [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]
-            chunk_idxs = (document_ids.clone().fill_(1).cumsum(-1) - 1) // (
-                attention_chunk_size
-            )
-
-        # Instead of passing a tensor mask, flex attention requires a mask_mod function
-        # that determines which elements of QK^T should be included in the attention
-        # computation prior to the softmax. For sample packing, we need both the
-        # logic for both causal mask and document mask. See PyTorch's official
-        # blog post for more details: https://pytorch.org/blog/flexattention/#mask-mods
-        def causal_mask_mod(batch_idx, head_idx, q_idx, kv_idx):
-            """
-            Defines the logic of a block causal mask by combining both a standard causal mask
-            and a block diagonal document mask.
-
-            See :func:`~torchtune.modules.attention_utils.create_block_causal_mask`
-            for an illustration.
-            """
-            causal_mask = q_idx >= kv_idx  # not valid when decoding
-            document_mask = (
-                document_ids[batch_idx, q_idx] == document_ids[batch_idx, kv_idx]
-            )
-            padding_mask = attention_mask_2d[batch_idx, q_idx] > 0
-            final_mask = causal_mask & padding_mask & document_mask
-            return final_mask
-
-        def chunk_causal_mask_mod(batch_idx, head_idx, q_idx, kv_idx):
-            """
-            Combines the chunk mask with the causal mask for chunked attention.
-            """
-            chunk_mask = chunk_idxs[batch_idx, q_idx] == chunk_idxs[batch_idx, kv_idx]
-            causal_doc_mask = causal_mask_mod(batch_idx, head_idx, q_idx, kv_idx)
-            return chunk_mask & causal_doc_mask
-
-        mask_mod_maybe_combined = (
-            causal_mask_mod if attention_chunk_size is None else chunk_causal_mask_mod
-        )
-
-        if offsets is not None:
-            q_offset = offsets[0]
-            kv_offset = offsets[1]
-
-            def mask_mod(batch_idx, head_idx, q_idx, kv_idx):
-                offset_q = q_idx + q_offset
-                offset_kv = kv_idx + kv_offset
-                return mask_mod_maybe_combined(batch_idx, head_idx, offset_q, offset_kv)
-
-        else:
-            mask_mod = mask_mod_maybe_combined
-        return create_block_causal_mask_flex(
-            mask_mod=mask_mod,
-            B=batch_size,
-            H=None,  # attention head
-            Q_LEN=query_length,
-            KV_LEN=key_length,
-            device=device,
-            _compile=True,
-        )
-
-    for n in tuple(sys.modules):
-        if ".modeling_" in n:
-            if hasattr(sys.modules[n], "make_flex_block_causal_mask"):
-                sys.modules[
-                    n
-                ].make_flex_block_causal_mask = patched_make_flex_block_causal_mask
-                sys.modules[
-                    n
-                ].make_flex_block_causal_mask = patched_make_flex_block_causal_mask
-
-    transformers.integrations.flex_attention.make_flex_block_causal_mask = (
-        patched_make_flex_block_causal_mask
-    )

src/axolotl/monkeypatch/deepspeed_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import importlib
+import importlib.util
+
+from axolotl.utils.logging import get_logger
+
+LOG = get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+def patch_checkpoint_wrapper_setattr():
+    """
+    Patch CheckpointWrapper to properly forward DeepSpeed attributes to wrapped modules.
+
+    This fixes the issue where CheckpointWrapper doesn't forward ds_* attributes
+    (like ds_grads_remaining) to the actual wrapped module, causing DeepSpeed
+    ZeRO-3 to fail when gradient checkpointing is enabled.
+
+    This issue occurs specifically with:
+    - QLoRA + DeepSpeed ZeRO-3
+    - gradient_checkpointing: true
+    - activation_offloading: true
+
+    References:
+    - https://github.com/deepspeedai/DeepSpeed/issues/7203
+    - https://github.com/deepspeedai/DeepSpeed/blob/38d1a9eb64c9e01e32eccc50b25ba18925287441/deepspeed/runtime/zero/parameter_offload.py#L424-L458
+    - https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/axolotl/pull/3102
+    """
+
+    try:
+        from torch.distributed.algorithms._checkpoint.checkpoint_wrapper import (
+            CheckpointWrapper,
+        )
+
+        # Check if already patched
+        if hasattr(CheckpointWrapper, "_axolotl_setattr_patched"):
+            LOG.debug("CheckpointWrapper already patched")
+            return
+
+        original_setattr = CheckpointWrapper.__setattr__
+
+        def new_setattr(self, name: str, value) -> None:
+            if name.startswith("ds_") and hasattr(self, "_checkpoint_wrapped_module"):
+                setattr(self._checkpoint_wrapped_module, name, value)
+                LOG.debug(
+                    f"Forwarded {name} to wrapped module {type(self._checkpoint_wrapped_module).__name__}"
+                )
+            else:
+                original_setattr(self, name, value)
+
+        CheckpointWrapper.__setattr__ = new_setattr
+        CheckpointWrapper._axolotl_setattr_patched = True
+
+        LOG.info("CheckpointWrapper patched to forward DeepSpeed attributes")
+
+    except ImportError as e:
+        LOG.debug(f"CheckpointWrapper not available: {e}")
+    except Exception as e:
+        LOG.warning(f"Failed to patch CheckpointWrapper: {e}")
+
+
+def apply_deepspeed_patches():
+    """
+    Apply DeepSpeed-related patches
+    """
+    if importlib.util.find_spec("deepspeed") is not None:
+        patch_checkpoint_wrapper_setattr()
+    else:
+        LOG.debug("DeepSpeed not available, skipping patches")

src/axolotl/monkeypatch/lora_kernels.py

@@ -149,6 +149,11 @@ def get_attention_cls_from_config(cfg: DictDefault) -> Type[nn.Module]:
 
         return MistralAttention
 
+    if model_type == "gemma3_text":
+        from transformers.models.gemma3.modeling_gemma3 import Gemma3Attention
+
+        return Gemma3Attention
+
     try:
         # Dynamically import the module and attention class
         module_path = f"transformers.models.{model_type}.modeling_{model_type}"

src/axolotl/monkeypatch/mixtral/__init__.py

@@ -5,9 +5,14 @@ Patches to support multipack for mixtral
 import torch
 
 
-def patch_mixtral_moe_forward_zero3() -> None:
+def patch_mixtral_moe_forward_zero3(cfg=None) -> None:
+    import warnings
+
     import torch.nn.functional as F
 
+    from axolotl.kernels.moe import backends as _moe_backends
+    from axolotl.kernels.moe.backends import MOEBackend, get_moe_backend_name
+
     def mlp_forward(self, hidden_states):
         current_hidden_states = self.act_fn(self.w1(hidden_states)) * self.w3(
             hidden_states
@@ -21,21 +26,32 @@ def patch_mixtral_moe_forward_zero3() -> None:
         hidden_states = hidden_states.view(-1, hidden_dim)
         # router_logits: (batch * sequence_length, n_experts)
         router_logits = self.gate(hidden_states)
+        preferred = getattr(cfg, "moe_backend", None) if cfg is not None else None
+        backend = get_moe_backend_name(preferred)
+        if (
+            backend == MOEBackend.TORCH_GROUPED
+            and not _moe_backends._probe_torch_grouped()
+        ):
+            warnings.warn(
+                "torch_grouped selected but not available; falling back to naive",
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
 
         routing_weights = F.softmax(router_logits, dim=1, dtype=torch.float)
         topk_weight, topk_idx = torch.topk(
             routing_weights, self.top_k, dim=-1, sorted=False
         )
         topk_weight /= topk_weight.sum(dim=-1, keepdim=True)
-        # we cast back to the input dtype
         topk_weight = topk_weight.to(hidden_states.dtype)
 
-        hidden_states = hidden_states.repeat_interleave(self.top_k, dim=0)
+        hidden_states_rep = hidden_states.repeat_interleave(self.top_k, dim=0)
-        y = torch.empty_like(hidden_states)
+        y = torch.empty_like(hidden_states_rep)
         flat_topk_idx = topk_idx.view(-1)
         for i in range(self.num_experts):
             expert = self.experts[i]
-            y[flat_topk_idx == i] = expert(hidden_states[flat_topk_idx == i])
+            sel = flat_topk_idx == i
+            if sel.any():
+                y[sel] = expert(hidden_states_rep[sel])
         y = (y.view(*topk_weight.shape, -1) * topk_weight.unsqueeze(-1)).sum(dim=1)
         final_hidden_states = y.reshape(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_dim)
         return final_hidden_states, router_logits
@@ -46,4 +62,23 @@ def patch_mixtral_moe_forward_zero3() -> None:
     )
 
     MixtralBlockSparseTop2MLP.forward = mlp_forward
-    MixtralSparseMoeBlock.forward = moe_forward
+    # Wrap forward to support optional torch_grouped backend via config
+    from axolotl.kernels.moe import torch_grouped as _tg
+
+    preferred = getattr(cfg, "moe_backend", None) if cfg is not None else None
+    backend = get_moe_backend_name(preferred)
+
+    if backend == MOEBackend.TORCH_GROUPED and _tg.available():
+
+        def moe_forward_grouped(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+            bsz, seqlen, hdim = hidden_states.shape
+            y, router_logits = _tg.moe_ffn_forward_grouped(
+                hidden_states, self.gate, self.experts, self.top_k
+            )
+            if y is None:
+                return moe_forward(self, hidden_states)
+            return y, router_logits
+
+        MixtralSparseMoeBlock.forward = moe_forward_grouped
+    else:
+        MixtralSparseMoeBlock.forward = moe_forward

src/axolotl/monkeypatch/moe_grouped.py

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+import logging
+import weakref
+from functools import wraps
+
+import torch
+
+from axolotl.common.architectures import MOE_ARCH_BLOCK
+from axolotl.kernels.moe.backends import MOEBackend, get_moe_backend_name
+
+_LOG = logging.getLogger("axolotl.moe.patch")
+
+
+def _patch_block_forward(block_cls, grouped_fn):
+    """Replace block_cls.forward with grouped_fn preserving signature."""
+    block_cls.forward = grouped_fn
+
+
+def apply_grouped_to_moe_blocks(cfg=None) -> None:
+    """
+    Attempt to patch all known MoE block classes to use the torch_grouped backend
+    when cfg.moe_backend resolves to 'torch_grouped' and the op is available.
+    Falls back to original forwards otherwise.
+    """
+    preferred = getattr(cfg, "moe_backend", None) if cfg is not None else None
+    backend = get_moe_backend_name(preferred)
+    if backend != MOEBackend.TORCH_GROUPED:
+        _LOG.info(
+            f"moe_backend is '{backend}', not 'torch_grouped'; skipping grouped patches"
+        )
+        return
+    try:
+        from axolotl.kernels.moe import torch_grouped as _tg
+    except Exception:
+        _LOG.warning("torch_grouped backend import failed; skipping grouped patches")
+        return
+    if not _tg.available():
+        _LOG.warning(
+            "torch_grouped requested but unavailable (op smoke test failed); skipping grouped patches"
+        )
+        return
+
+    # Map of architecture key to (modeling module path, class name or list of class names)
+    model_mods = {
+        "mixtral": (
+            "transformers.models.mixtral.modeling_mixtral",
+            MOE_ARCH_BLOCK.get("mixtral"),
+        ),
+        "qwen2_moe": (
+            "transformers.models.qwen2_moe.modeling_qwen2_moe",
+            MOE_ARCH_BLOCK.get("qwen2_moe"),
+        ),
+        "qwen3_moe": (
+            "transformers.models.qwen3_moe.modeling_qwen3_moe",
+            MOE_ARCH_BLOCK.get("qwen3_moe"),
+        ),
+        "jamba": (
+            "transformers.models.jamba.modeling_jamba",
+            MOE_ARCH_BLOCK.get("jamba"),
+        ),
+        "deepseek_v2": (
+            "transformers.models.deepseek_v2.modeling_deepseek_v2",
+            MOE_ARCH_BLOCK.get("deepseek_v2"),
+        ),
+        # Others may not follow standard paths; best-effort import
+        "dbrx": ("transformers.models.dbrx.modeling_dbrx", MOE_ARCH_BLOCK.get("dbrx")),
+        "jetmoe": (
+            "transformers.models.jetmoe.modeling_jetmoe",
+            MOE_ARCH_BLOCK.get("jetmoe"),
+        ),
+        "gpt_oss": (
+            "transformers.models.gpt_oss.modeling_gpt_oss",
+            MOE_ARCH_BLOCK.get("gpt_oss"),
+        ),
+    }
+
+    def make_grouped_forward(orig_forward):
+        @wraps(orig_forward)
+        def _grouped_forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor, *args, **kwargs):
+            bsz, seqlen, hdim = hidden_states.shape
+            # expose parent block so grouped backend can access shared expert context
+            try:
+                self.experts._ax_parent_block_ref = weakref.ref(self)
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+            y, router_logits = _tg.moe_ffn_forward_grouped(
+                hidden_states, self.gate, self.experts, self.top_k
+            )
+            # One-time log per block instance indicating whether grouped engaged or fallback occurred
+            if not getattr(self, "_ax_grouped_wrapper_logged", False):
+                if y is None:
+                    _LOG.warning(
+                        "Grouped wrapper active but fell back to naive for %s",
+                        self.__class__.__name__,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    _LOG.info(
+                        f"Grouped wrapper engaged for {self.__class__.__name__} (top_k={self.top_k})"
+                    )
+                self._ax_grouped_wrapper_logged = True
+            if y is None:
+                return orig_forward(self, hidden_states, *args, **kwargs)
+            return y, router_logits
+
+        return _grouped_forward
+
+    patched = 0
+    for key, (mod_path, cls_names) in model_mods.items():
+        if not cls_names:
+            continue
+        try:
+            import importlib
+
+            modeling = importlib.import_module(mod_path)
+            names = cls_names if isinstance(cls_names, list) else [cls_names]
+            for name in names:
+                if not hasattr(modeling, name):
+                    continue
+                block_cls = getattr(modeling, name)
+                orig_forward = getattr(block_cls, "forward", None)
+                if orig_forward is None:
+                    continue
+                _patch_block_forward(block_cls, make_grouped_forward(orig_forward))
+                patched += 1
+                _LOG.info(f"Patched MoE block for grouped GEMM: {mod_path}.{name}")
+        except Exception as e:
+            # Best effort; log and skip this entry
+            _LOG.warning(f"Skipping MoE patch for arch '{key}' ({mod_path}): {e}")
+    if patched == 0:
+        _LOG.warning(
+            "No MoE blocks patched for grouped GEMM; model may not use known MoE classes"
+        )
+    else:
+        _LOG.info(f"Grouped GEMM patches applied to {patched} MoE block class(es)")

src/axolotl/monkeypatch/multipack.py

@@ -36,12 +36,17 @@ SUPPORTED_MULTIPACK_MODEL_TYPES = [
     "glm",
     "glm4",
     "smollm3",
+    "granite",
+    "granitemoe",
+    "hunyuan_v1_dense",
+    "hunyuan_v1_moe",
     "gpt_oss",
     "arcee",
+    "seed_oss",
 ]
 
 
-def patch_for_multipack(model_type, model_name=None, has_remote_code=False):
+def patch_for_multipack(model_type, model_name=None, has_remote_code=False, cfg=None):
     if has_remote_code:
         patch_remote(model_name)
     elif hasattr(transformers, "modeling_flash_attention_utils"):
@@ -52,7 +57,7 @@ def patch_for_multipack(model_type, model_name=None, has_remote_code=False):
         transformers.modeling_flash_attention_utils._get_unpad_data = get_unpad_data
 
     if model_type == "mixtral" and is_deepspeed_zero3_enabled():
-        patch_mixtral_moe_forward_zero3()
+        patch_mixtral_moe_forward_zero3(cfg)
 
 
 def patch_remote(model_name):

src/axolotl/monkeypatch/tiled_mlp/base.py

@@ -8,6 +8,94 @@ from typing import List
 import torch
 
 
+class DeepSpeedTiledMLPMoE(torch.autograd.Function):
+    @staticmethod
+    def forward(
+        ctx,
+        fn,
+        self,
+        x,
+        shards,
+        compute_params,
+    ) -> torch.Tensor:
+        ctx.fn = fn
+        ctx.self = self
+        ctx.shards = shards
+        ctx.compute_params = [p for p in compute_params if p.requires_grad]
+        ctx.save_for_backward(x)
+
+        x_shards = list(torch.chunk(x, chunks=shards, dim=1))
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            output_shards = [fn(self, x_shard) for x_shard in x_shards]
+
+        ctx.is_tuple_output = isinstance(output_shards[0], tuple)
+        if isinstance(output_shards[0], tuple):
+            tuple_dim_idx = [1, 0]
+            output_unsharded = tuple(
+                torch.cat(
+                    [output_shard[i] for output_shard in output_shards],
+                    dim=tuple_dim_idx[i],
+                )
+                for i in range(len(output_shards[0]))
+            )
+        else:
+            output_unsharded = torch.cat(output_shards, dim=1)
+
+        return output_unsharded
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def backward(ctx, *grads) -> torch.Tensor:
+        fn = ctx.fn
+        (x,) = ctx.saved_tensors
+        self = ctx.self
+        shards = ctx.shards
+        compute_params = ctx.compute_params
+        is_tuple_output = ctx.is_tuple_output
+
+        x_requires_grad = x.requires_grad
+        x = x.detach()
+        # detach() unsets `x.requires_grad`, so restore it
+        x.requires_grad_(x_requires_grad)
+
+        incoming_grad = grads[0]
+        x_grad = torch.zeros_like(x)
+        x_shards = list(torch.chunk(x, chunks=shards, dim=1))
+
+        shard_step = x_shards[0].numel()
+        for i, x_shard in enumerate(x_shards):
+            # Tell deepspeed not to add a new grad to its ipg bucket until the last shard is run
+            if compute_params is not None:
+                if i + 1 < shards:
+                    for param in compute_params:
+                        param.ds_grad_is_ready = False
+                else:
+                    # last shard, can add the grad
+                    for param in compute_params:
+                        param.ds_grad_is_ready = True
+
+            x_shard.requires_grad_(x_requires_grad)
+
+            shard_offset = i * shard_step
+            x_shard.grad = (
+                x_grad.view(-1)
+                .narrow(0, shard_offset, x_shard.numel())
+                .view_as(x_shard)
+            )
+            incoming_grad_shard = (
+                incoming_grad.view(-1)
+                .narrow(0, shard_offset, x_shard.numel())
+                .view_as(x_shard)
+            )
+            with torch.enable_grad():
+                output = fn(self, x_shard)
+            if is_tuple_output:
+                torch.autograd.backward(output[0], incoming_grad_shard)
+            else:
+                torch.autograd.backward(output, incoming_grad_shard)
+
+        return (None, None, x_grad, None, None)
+
+
 class TiledMLP(torch.autograd.Function):
     """
     TiledMLP implementation using gradient hooks
@@ -31,7 +119,18 @@ class TiledMLP(torch.autograd.Function):
         x_shards = list(torch.chunk(x, chunks=shards, dim=1))
         with torch.no_grad():
             output_shards = [fn(self, x_shard) for x_shard in x_shards]
-        output_unsharded = torch.cat(output_shards, dim=1)
+        ctx.is_tuple_output = isinstance(output_shards[0], tuple)
+        if isinstance(output_shards[0], tuple):
+            tuple_dim_idx = [1, 0]
+            output_unsharded = tuple(
+                torch.cat(
+                    [output_shard[i] for output_shard in output_shards],
+                    dim=tuple_dim_idx[i],
+                )
+                for i in range(len(output_shards[0]))
+            )
+        else:
+            output_unsharded = torch.cat(output_shards, dim=1)
 
         return output_unsharded
 
@@ -42,6 +141,7 @@ class TiledMLP(torch.autograd.Function):
         self = ctx.self
         shards = ctx.shards
         compute_params = ctx.compute_params
+        is_tuple_output = ctx.is_tuple_output
 
         x_requires_grad = x.requires_grad
         x = x.detach()
@@ -76,7 +176,10 @@ class TiledMLP(torch.autograd.Function):
 
             with torch.enable_grad():
                 output = fn(self, x_shard)
-            torch.autograd.backward(output, incoming_grad_shard)
+            if is_tuple_output:
+                torch.autograd.backward(output[0], incoming_grad_shard)
+            else:
+                torch.autograd.backward(output, incoming_grad_shard)
 
         # Clean up hooks
         grad_accumulator.cleanup()

src/axolotl/monkeypatch/tiled_mlp/patch.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def patch_tiled_mlp(model_type, use_original_mlp=True, cfg_num_shards=None):
         TiledMLP as DeepSpeedTiledMLP,
     )
 
-    from axolotl.monkeypatch.tiled_mlp.base import TiledMLP
+    from axolotl.monkeypatch.tiled_mlp.base import DeepSpeedTiledMLPMoE, TiledMLP
 
     try:
         # Dynamically import the module and MLP class
@@ -64,7 +64,10 @@ def patch_tiled_mlp(model_type, use_original_mlp=True, cfg_num_shards=None):
                         for p in self._compute_params
                     )
                 ) or os.environ.get("ACCELERATE_USE_DEEPSPEED", "false") == "true":
-                    self._tiled_mlp_dist_impl = DeepSpeedTiledMLP
+                    if model_type == "gpt_oss":
+                        self._tiled_mlp_dist_impl = DeepSpeedTiledMLPMoE
+                    else:
+                        self._tiled_mlp_dist_impl = DeepSpeedTiledMLP
                 else:
                     self._tiled_mlp_dist_impl = TiledMLP
 

src/axolotl/monkeypatch/transformers/trainer_loss_calc.py

@@ -28,15 +28,6 @@ PATCHED_EVAL_CODE = {
     "array": 'metrics[f"{metric_key_prefix}_loss"] = np.nanmean(all_losses).item()',
 }
 
-ORIGINAL_FSDP2_CODE = """
-    model.eval()
-"""
-
-PATCHED_FSDP2_CODE = """
-    if hasattr(model, "eval") and callable(model.eval):
-        self.model.eval()
-"""
-
 ORIGINAL_MAYBE_CODE = "tr_loss_scalar = self._nested_gather(tr_loss).mean().item()"
 PATCHED_MAYBE_CODE = "tr_loss_scalar = self._nested_gather(tr_loss).nanmean().item()"
 
@@ -46,17 +37,11 @@ def check_evaluation_loop_is_patchable() -> bool:
     return all(value in evaluation_loop_source for value in ORIGINAL_EVAL_CODE.values())
 
 
-def check_evaluation_loop_is_fsdp2_patchable() -> bool:
+def patch_evaluation_loop():
-    evaluation_loop_source = inspect.getsource(Trainer.evaluation_loop)
-    evaluation_loop_source, _ = detab_code(evaluation_loop_source)
-    return ORIGINAL_FSDP2_CODE in evaluation_loop_source
-
-
-def patch_evaluation_loop(patch_fsdp2: bool):
     """Patch the evaluation_loop method."""
     # Check if already patched
     if hasattr(Trainer, "_original_evaluation_loop"):
-        LOG.info("Trainer.evaluation_loop already patched")
+        LOG.debug("Trainer.evaluation_loop already patched")
         return
 
     # Check if the patterns exist
@@ -75,13 +60,6 @@ def patch_evaluation_loop(patch_fsdp2: bool):
         ORIGINAL_EVAL_CODE["array"], PATCHED_EVAL_CODE["array"]
     )
 
-    # Apply FSDP2 eval guard patch if needed
-    if patch_fsdp2 and ORIGINAL_FSDP2_CODE in evaluation_loop_source:
-        evaluation_loop_source = evaluation_loop_source.replace(
-            ORIGINAL_FSDP2_CODE, PATCHED_FSDP2_CODE
-        )
-        LOG.info("Applied FSDP2 eval guard patch to evaluation_loop")
-
     # Rename the function to avoid conflicts
     evaluation_loop_source = evaluation_loop_source.replace(
         "def evaluation_loop(",
@@ -106,7 +84,7 @@ def patch_evaluation_loop(patch_fsdp2: bool):
     )
     exec(evaluation_loop_source, globals())
 
-    LOG.info("Patched Trainer.evaluation_loop with nanmean loss calculation")
+    LOG.debug("Patched Trainer.evaluation_loop with nanmean loss calculation")
     Trainer.evaluation_loop = axolotl_evaluation_loop
 
 
@@ -157,5 +135,5 @@ def patch_maybe_log_save_evaluate():
     )
     exec(maybe_log_source, globals())
 
-    LOG.info("Patched Trainer._maybe_log_save_evaluate with nanmean loss calculation")
+    LOG.debug("Patched Trainer._maybe_log_save_evaluate with nanmean loss calculation")
     Trainer._maybe_log_save_evaluate = axolotl_maybe_log_save_evaluate

src/axolotl/prompt_tokenizers.py

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class PromptTokenizingStrategy(abc.ABC):
     ) -> BatchEncoding:
         empty = BatchEncoding(data={"input_ids": [], "attention_mask": []})
         if not prompt:
-            LOG.warning("Empty text requested for tokenization.")
+            LOG.warning_once("Empty text requested for tokenization.")
             return empty
 
         result = self.tokenizer(

src/axolotl/train.py

@@ -30,11 +30,7 @@ from axolotl.contribs.lgpl import (  # pylint: disable = no-name-in-module
     fix_untrained_tokens,
 )
 from axolotl.integrations.base import PluginManager
-from axolotl.loaders import (
+from axolotl.loaders import ModelLoader, load_processor, load_tokenizer
-    ModelLoader,
-    load_processor,
-    load_tokenizer,
-)
 from axolotl.utils.ctx_managers.sequence_parallel import SequenceParallelContextManager
 from axolotl.utils.dict import DictDefault
 from axolotl.utils.distributed import cleanup_distributed
@@ -200,10 +196,11 @@ def execute_training(
                 )
             )
 
-        LOG.info("Starting trainer...")
         # TODO: disabling for now as not compatible with FSDP2 + torchao low bit optimizers
         # if cfg.bf16:
         #     torch.set_default_dtype(torch.bfloat16)
+
+        LOG.info("Starting trainer...")
         trainer.train(resume_from_checkpoint=resume_from_checkpoint)
 
         plugin_manager = PluginManager.get_instance()
@@ -234,16 +231,15 @@ def save_trained_model(
 
     # handle QAT
     if cfg.qat:
-        from axolotl.utils.quantization import convert_qat_model_for_ptq
+        from axolotl.utils.quantization import convert_qat_model
 
-        LOG.info("Processing QAT model for saving...")
+        convert_qat_model(
-        convert_qat_model_for_ptq(
             model,
             quantize_embedding=cfg.qat.quantize_embedding,
         )
         LOG.info(
-            "QAT modules have been converted for PTQ. Please ensure you quantize "
+            "QAT usage note: please ensure you quantize your model fine-tuned using QAT by running `axolotl quantize`"
-            "your model weights with `axolotl quantize`."
+            " with the same config which you used for training."
         )
     # Handle ReLoRA early return case
     if cfg.relora:
@@ -337,9 +333,7 @@ def save_trained_model(
 
     if hasattr(cfg, "llmcompressor") and cfg.llmcompressor:
         # TODO: add integration support so this can be implemented completely within the plugin
-        from axolotl.integrations.llm_compressor.utils import (
+        from axolotl.integrations.llm_compressor.utils import save_compressed_model
-            save_compressed_model,
-        )
 
         save_compressed_model(
             model=model,
@@ -416,7 +410,9 @@ def save_initial_configs(
 
     # Pre-save the tokenizer and model configs
     LOG.info(f"Pre-saving tokenizer to {cfg.output_dir}...")
-    tokenizer.save_pretrained(str(output_dir))
+    tokenizer.save_pretrained(
+        str(Path(cfg.output_dir)), save_jinja_files=cfg.tokenizer_save_jinja_files
+    )
     if hasattr(model, "config"):
         LOG.info(f"Pre-saving model config to {cfg.output_dir}...")
         model.config.save_pretrained(str(output_dir))
@@ -592,6 +588,9 @@ def train(
 
     # Save the trained model and cleanup
     save_trained_model(cfg, trainer, model, safe_serialization)
+    tokenizer.save_pretrained(
+        str(Path(cfg.output_dir)), save_jinja_files=cfg.tokenizer_save_jinja_files
+    )
     create_model_card(cfg, trainer)
     if not cfg.use_ray:
         cleanup_distributed()